Target 15: Business disclosure

Generated: 2026-04-19T20:28:15Z

Landscape

Of 69 NBSAPs reviewed for Target 15, 38 explicitly address business disclosure of biodiversity risks, dependencies and impacts; 20 reference it within broader private-sector or finance provisions without dedicated disclosure measures; 11 contain no identifiable Target 15 content. The set divides between countries that anchor disclosure in existing regulatory architecture — most prominently the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and European Sustainability Reporting Standards in Germany, Sweden and Denmark — and countries that build new instruments, including a public CSR registry in Lebanon, a national register of biodiversity reports in Madagascar, and pilot programmes in Chile and China. The Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures is the most frequently named international reference framework, cited by Colombia, Denmark, Japan, Lebanon, Madagascar, the Netherlands, India, Sweden and Switzerland. Quantified coverage targets appear in a minority of plans, ranging from Burkina Faso's 100% of large enterprises and financial institutions by 2030 down to Gabon's 20% of businesses applying corporate social responsibility. Several plans extend disclosure to financial institutions, supply and value chains, and consumer information; others remain at voluntary or pilot stage.

Variation

Regulatory approaches span mandatory regimes — EU member states via the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS); Indonesia via Financial Services Authority Regulation POJK 51/2017; Rwanda via its 2024 sustainability disclosure guidelines — and voluntary or pilot-based approaches, including Chile's Pilot Business Action Plan, Iceland's certification-based model, and Luxembourg's voluntary workforce-share target.

Reference standards cited include the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) across Colombia, Denmark, Japan, Lebanon, Madagascar, the Netherlands, India, Sweden and Switzerland; the Global Reporting Initiative's GRI 304 standard in Austria; ISO 14001 and ISO 26000 in Mauritania, Madagascar and Tunisia; CSRD/ESRS in Germany, Sweden and Denmark; and ESG/PROPER frameworks in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Quantified coverage targets include 100% of large enterprises and financial institutions (Burkina Faso), 75% of large and 25% of medium businesses (Lebanon), 50% by 2030 (Indonesia), 30% of businesses (Tunisia), 20% applying CSR (Gabon), 10% of the national workforce (Luxembourg), at least 80 enterprises (Cameroon), and 50 enterprises (Mauritania).

Scope of disclosure varies: portfolios and value chains (United Kingdom, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iran, Sudan), supply-chain certification (Cameroon for cocoa, rubber and oil palm; Japan for timber under the Clean Wood Act; Denmark for soy), consumer information and access and benefit-sharing reporting (United Kingdom, DRC, Sudan, Iran), and outbound investment impacts (China).

Institutional vehicles also differ. Central banks and financial supervisors carry the function in the Netherlands (De Nederlandsche Bank), Malaysia (Bank Negara), Cameroon (BEAC) and India (Securities and Exchange Board of India). Elsewhere, chambers of commerce (Marshall Islands, Cameroon's GECAM), business platforms (India's Business and Biodiversity Initiative, Malaysia's Platform for Business and Biodiversity, Spain's Business and Biodiversity Initiative, Colombia's ANDI), or new bodies (Iran's Energy Optimisation and Strategic Management Organisation) take the role.

Austria names the GRI 304: BIODIVERSITY Standard as the reference for measures against greenwashing, foreseeing amendment of the Sustainability and Diversity Improvement Act to include biodiversity reporting obligations. Canada is advancing amendments to the Competition Act to require "that environmental or climate benefits representations be adequately substantiated." Madagascar plans a national register of biodiversity reports accessible to the public and a national CSR/biodiversity label aligned with international standards, with seventeen actions costed at USD 5,665,285. Colombia references "the green taxonomy in Colombia designed jointly by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit and the Financial Superintendence of Colombia, the Task-force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), and the Biodiversity and Business Route promoted by ANDI."

Switzerland sits apart: its action plan states that "transposition into Swiss law and implementation of the TNFD recommendations in the Swiss context will not be addressed in AP SBS II."

Standouts

Burkina Faso sets the highest quantified coverage target in the reviewed set: "The proportion of large enterprises and financial institutions that publish information on biodiversity degradation risks is targeted to rise from 0% (2024) to 100% by 2030."

Lebanon's National Target 17 names the international reference framework alongside a quantified share: "By 2030, ensure that 75% of large businesses in Lebanon [...] implement corporate biodiversity reporting in line with TNFD."

Indonesia anchors its disclosure metric in an existing environmental performance rating system. National Target 18 "is measured by one indicator: percentage of companies and financial institutions reporting on biodiversity and environmental management, derived from PROPER Green and Gold ratings (157 of 2,021 companies in 2020 for a baseline of 7.77 percent; 221 of 3,200 in 2022 for 6.91 percent)," with targets of 30 percent by 2025, 50 percent by 2030, and 80 percent by 2045.

Japan reports change in voluntary framework uptake, noting that "Japanese company participation in TNFD Forum has grown from 45 to 90."

The Netherlands combines institutional embedding with central bank analytics. The NBSAP records that "The Ministry of LVVN is one of the founders of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), participates in its Stewardship Council," and that De Nederlandsche Bank "published 'Indebted to Nature' (the first central bank calculation of financial sector exposure to nature-related risks)."

Germany's Target 16.2 ties corporate disclosure to European reporting architecture: "By 2030, businesses will take specific measures to align their strategies, reporting systems, activities and financial flows more closely with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework," tracked through "the number of corporate sustainability reports that include effects on biodiversity in accordance with the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)."

Denmark quantifies the scope of that architecture domestically: "Approximately 2,200 Danish companies are subject to reporting requirements in annual reports, covering all large companies and listed companies (excluding micro-enterprises), as well as certain financial companies of public interest."

China's Priority Action 5 names six pilot sectors — "selecting representative industry enterprises across food, energy and extractives, infrastructure, pharmaceuticals, culture and tourism, and internet technology to carry out pilot projects of enterprise biodiversity impact assessment and explore the construction of biodiversity impact indices for key industry enterprises."

Tunisia commits that "By the 2030 horizon, at least 30% of businesses have implemented activities to reduce the effects of their value chains on biodiversity."

Luxembourg uses a workforce-share metric: "businesses cumulatively representing at least 10% of the total workforce in Luxembourg were to have committed by 2026."

Rwanda cites the specific instrument in force: "Rwanda has already established Guidelines No. 040/2024 of 25th November 2024 on disclosure and reporting of sustainability-related financial information for financial institutions," with "full implementation of these guidelines […] targeted for December 2027."

Gabon's National Target 15 identifies a draft law as its vehicle: "The key indicator is that at least 20% of businesses apply CSR," supported by the draft AWASSI law on Corporate Social Responsibility.

Austria names both its reference standard and its legislative vehicle: "Development and implementation of measures against greenwashing, e.g. through application of the GRI 304: BIODIVERSITY Standard," alongside "Amendment of the Sustainability and Diversity Improvement Act in line with EU activities on the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (2014/95), including obligation to report biodiversity impacts."

Switzerland is the one reviewed plan that explicitly declines to legislate on the framework it otherwise references: "the action plan explicitly states that transposition into Swiss law and implementation of the TNFD recommendations in the Swiss context will not be addressed in AP SBS II."

Canada identifies a consumer-protection lever rather than a disclosure regime: "ISED is advancing amendments to the Competition Act to address misleading greenwashing claims — requiring that environmental or climate benefits representations be adequately substantiated."

Madagascar plans both a recognition label and a public register: "Deploy a national CSR/biodiversity label aligned with international standards" and "Create a national register of biodiversity reports, accessible to the public and aligned with SDGs," within a programme whose "Seventeen actions are structured around three strategic axes, with estimated financial needs of USD 5,665,285."

Colombia assembles named domestic and international instruments into a single route: "the green taxonomy in Colombia designed jointly by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit and the Financial Superintendence of Colombia, the Task-force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), and the Biodiversity and Business Route promoted by ANDI (Asociación Nacional de Empresarios de Colombia)."

Analysis

Target 15 is among the more frequently addressed business-facing Global Biodiversity Framework targets in the reviewed set, yet coverage is uneven: 11 of 69 plans contain no identifiable Target 15 content, and a further 20 reference it obliquely through incentive, partnership or finance provisions rather than disclosure requirements.

The Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures recurs as a shared reference point across income levels and regions, named in plans that otherwise differ in regulatory approach, coverage, and institutional vehicle. Switzerland's explicit decision not to transpose its recommendations sits against a broader pattern of adoption.

A regulatory gradient runs through the set: European Union member states converge on the CSRD/ESRS architecture, while many non-EU plans rely on voluntary mechanisms, pilot programmes, or future legislation. Quantified coverage targets, where they exist, span two orders of magnitude — from Luxembourg's 10% workforce share and Gabon's 20% of businesses to Burkina Faso's 100% of large enterprises and financial institutions.

Anti-greenwashing enforcement, supply-chain certification, and consumer information appear in a smaller subset of plans — Cameroon, Canada, Austria, Japan — indicating that these dimensions of Target 15 receive less uniform treatment across the set than the disclosure provision itself.

Per-country detail

Ordered by classification (explicitly_addresses → relevant_to → not_identified) then alphabetically by country name.

Country	National Target	Summary
Argentina	Identify, develop and promote innovative financing mechanisms for the implementation of the ENByPA, which generate resources based on the remuneration of positive socio-environmental externalities and the compensation of negative externalities, on the basis of social inclusion and integration. Through specific policies, encourage companies to: a) Periodically monitor, assess and transparently disclose their biodiversity risks, dependencies and impacts, including large companies and transnational corporations and financial institutions, through the establishment of requirements throughout their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios; b) Provide the necessary information to consumers in order to promote sustainable consumption patterns; c) Report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures, as appropriate; with the aim of progressively reducing negative impacts on biodiversity, increasing positive impacts, reducing biodiversity-related risks for the companies themselves, and promoting actions aimed at achieving sustainable production patterns.	National Target 15 covers both innovative financing and business biodiversity disclosure. It commits to identifying, developing, and promoting innovative financing mechanisms for NBSAP implementation that generate resources based on the remuneration of positive socio-environmental externalities and the compensation of negative ones, on the basis of social inclusion and integration. For business disclosure, the target calls for specific policies to encourage companies to: (a) periodically monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their biodiversity risks, dependencies, and impacts — including large companies, transnational corporations, and financial institutions — through requirements established throughout their operations, supply and value chains, and portfolios; (b) provide necessary information to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns; and (c) report on compliance with ABS regulations and measures. The aim is to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks for companies, and promote sustainable production patterns. The strategy also references innovative fundraising for protected area systems (1.3.B.6), including remuneration of PA environmental services and biodiversity offsetting, directed towards the costs of incremental development of provincial or regional PA systems. Theme 6 (Valuation of Biodiversity) supports this target by advancing guidelines for valuing ecosystem goods and services.
Austria		The strategy includes several measures aimed at getting companies and the financial sector to measure, report and act on their biodiversity impact. Under industry, trade, commerce and consumption (§5.4), it foresees the development of a biodiversity check both for companies and for services applicable on a voluntary basis (referring to the Austrian Ecolabel umweltzeichen.at); labelling of sustainably manufactured products including biodiversity accounting on a voluntary basis (e.g. via a traffic light system or the Austrian Ecolabel); the conduct of biodiversity accounting for products (e.g. textiles, building materials) on a voluntary basis, listing species affected by production and weighting them by population impact and Red List threat category; and development and implementation of measures against greenwashing, e.g. through application of the GRI 304: BIODIVERSITY Standard, noting that the Global Reporting Initiative is currently one of the most widely used standards in sustainability reporting. Under the financial sector (§8.2), the strategy foresees development of financial products with biodiversity criteria (e.g. impact investment, green bonds), scientific analyses to underpin the assessment basis, and development of a standardised rating system to map the biodiversity impact of companies, organisations and production chains (e.g. adapted Environmental Social Governance rating), taking into account ongoing EU activities. It also foresees amendment of the Sustainability and Diversity Improvement Act (Nachhaltigkeits- und Diversitätsverbesserungsgesetz) in line with EU activities on the Non-Financial Reporting Directive 2014/95, to include the obligation to report biodiversity impacts and adapt the Global Reporting Standard GRI 304 for practical implementation. Under global engagement, advancing efforts for a supply-chain law with biodiversity and climate criteria at national and EU level is foreseen.
Burkina Faso		The logical framework includes two indicators directly addressing business disclosure and biodiversity accountability. The proportion of large enterprises and financial institutions that publish information on biodiversity degradation risks is targeted to rise from 0% (2024) to 100% by 2030. The proportion of enterprises implementing positive incentive measures for the promotion of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is targeted to increase from 0% (2024) to 80% by 2030. A further indicator tracks the proportion of listed large enterprises whose activities have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, though the baseline is listed as "ND" (not determined) with no 2030 target specified. The private sector's role in strategy implementation is described as including concessionaires of hunting or fishing zones, livestock and fishing zone operators, nursery operators, agri-food processors, and financial institutions. Private sector financing provisions cite the Agricultural Bank of Burkina Faso and Coris Bank International SA (the latter preparing Green Climate Fund accreditation) as examples of institutions contributing to biodiversity financing.
Democratic Republic of the Congo	By 2030, legal, administrative or policy measures are taken and implemented, adapted to the local context, to incentivise large enterprises, transnational corporations and financial institutions to: 1. Develop and implement environmental and social safeguard frameworks; 2. Regularly and transparently monitor, assess and report on their dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, including in their supply, value and investment chains; 3. Inform consumers with a view to promoting sustainable and responsible consumption patterns; 4. Guarantee compliance with provisions on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits; in order to reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, and promote sustainable modes of production.	Objective 15 commits the DRC to legal, administrative and policy measures by 2030 that incentivise large enterprises, transnational corporations and financial institutions to (1) develop and implement environmental and social safeguard frameworks, (2) monitor, assess and report on their dependencies and impacts on biodiversity across supply, value and investment chains, (3) inform consumers to promote sustainable and responsible consumption, and (4) comply with ABS provisions. The estimated budget is USD 10 million.
Republic of the Congo	Target 16/15: By 2030 at the latest, the government must take legal, administrative or general policy measures aimed at encouraging businesses to act in favour of biodiversity and providing them with the means to do so, in particular by ensuring that large enterprises and transnational enterprises, as well as financial institutions.	National Target 16/15 commits by 2030 for the Government to take legal, administrative or general policy measures aimed at encouraging businesses to act in favour of biodiversity and providing them with the means to do so, in particular by ensuring that large enterprises and transnational enterprises, as well as financial institutions, disclose and act on biodiversity. Result A4O16R16 contains two actions: conducting a survey of private and public enterprises on themes related to biological diversity (2029, timeline); and development of legal, administrative or general policy measures aimed at encouraging enterprises to act in favour of biodiversity (2026). Indicators include the number of enterprises that publish information on biodiversity risks, dependencies and impacts, and the number of legal texts aimed at encouraging enterprises to act in favour of biodiversity. Responsible bodies include the National Statistical Institute (NSI/INS) and ministries for commerce, the promotion of indigenous peoples, justice, forests, the environment, the interior, industrial development, small and medium-sized enterprises, and sustainable development, with local authorities. Budget figures are not specified in the extracted table for this result.
Chile	By 2027, companies that voluntarily participate in the Pilot Business Action Plan for Biodiversity adopt internationally recognised standards to transparently disclose the impacts, dependencies and risks to biodiversity of their operations and the actions to reverse them	The NBSAP addresses business biodiversity disclosure through national target II.22, which states that by 2027 companies voluntarily participating in the Pilot Business Action Plan for Biodiversity adopt internationally recognised standards to transparently disclose the impacts, dependencies, and risks to biodiversity of their operations and the actions to reverse them. Objective II frames this within a broader goal of responsible business action and transparency in reporting impacts and dependencies. The mechanism is voluntary and pilot-based rather than regulatory. Linked instruments include Law 19,300, the Environmental Sustainability Policy, the National Sustainable Construction Strategy, and the National Energy Policy.
Cameroon		The NBSAP addresses business and biodiversity through two national objectives. Objective 20 strengthens the legal framework and promotes incentive measures to encourage enterprises to adopt sustainable production methods, assess and reduce their biodiversity risks and negative impacts. Objective 28 incentivises enterprises and financial institutions to mobilise resources for biodiversity financing. Objective 20 contains two actions. Action 20.1 develops incentive taxation and other measures for biodiversity conservation. Activity 20.1.1 targets at least 80 enterprises with biodiversity impact and dependency assessment plans or reports (from a baseline of approximately 10), supported by CSR/ESG reporting frameworks and CDP registrations. Activity 20.1.2 identifies at least 12 formalised incentive measures across sectors (cocoa, palm, rubber, agroforestry), from a baseline of approximately 4 indirect and non-institutionalised measures. Activity 20.1.3 produces one national evaluation report on socio-economic and environmental impacts of biodiversity incentive measures. Activity 20.1.4 targets 150 economic actors benefiting from biodiversity fiscal advantages through awareness-raising workshops. Activity 20.1.5 promotes preferential-rate credits and a payment for ecosystem services (PES) compensation system, targeting at least 200 economic actors benefiting from green financing/PES. Action 20.2 promotes partnership and collaboration between NGOs and the private sector. Activity 20.2.1 targets at least 60 formal NGO-business partnerships for conservation or sustainable use (from a baseline of approximately 15). Activity 20.2.2 promotes certification and transparency systems for cocoa, rubber, oil palm and other supply chains, targeting at least 70% of export volumes from certified or traceable sources (from a baseline of approximately 25-35%). Objective 28 contains five actions covering public-private partnerships, central bank engagement, external financing capitalisation, financial engineering, and enterprise integration of biodiversity. Key activities include: organising B2B meetings to mobilise 150-200 million USD/year from enterprises and financial institutions (from 20-40 million USD/year); establishing national eco-labels and certification standards targeting 10-25 million USD/year in economic benefits; creating a BEAC-State committee on biodiversity credits targeting 100-150 million USD/year in national bank financing (from 10-25 million USD/year); developing at least 3 innovative financing tools (green/blue bonds, biodiversity credits, impact funds); developing at least 6 sectoral guides/benchmarks on biodiversity in business; training at least 800 actors per year (6,000 cumulative); financing at least 150 projects/year with positive net ecological value; combating greenwashing with at least 100-300 million FCFA/year in fines; and publishing 1 consolidated national annual report plus at least 20 private reports on biodiversity-related investments. The BIODEV 2030 Programme integrates biodiversity into priority economic sectors and reduces pressures on forests.
China	By 2030, long-term mechanisms for enterprise conservation and sustainable utilisation of biodiversity shall be basically established, forming sustainable development and nature-harmonious production methods, with regular monitoring, assessment, and disclosure of key industry enterprises' risks, dependencies, and impacts on biodiversity.	Priority Action 5 is dedicated to business and biodiversity, with four priority projects directly addressing corporate biodiversity disclosure. The NBSAP calls for scientifically assessing the biodiversity impacts of business operations and promoting the inclusion of biodiversity-related information in legally mandated corporate environmental information disclosure and in corporate sustainability reports such as ESG reports. A dedicated priority project requires selecting representative industry enterprises across food, energy and extractives, infrastructure, pharmaceuticals, culture and tourism, and internet technology to carry out pilot projects of enterprise biodiversity impact assessment and explore the construction of biodiversity impact indices for key industry enterprises. Another priority project focuses on enterprise biodiversity information disclosure demonstration, requiring representative enterprises to identify impacts of business operations on biodiversity and regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their biodiversity risks, levels of dependency, and impacts. Enterprise biodiversity information disclosure reporting frameworks and processes are to be established. Business and industry biodiversity conservation alliances are to be constructed, and enterprises are guided to adopt sustainable production models, green and clean production, and biodiversity-friendly certification systems. Financial institutions are encouraged to incorporate biodiversity into project investment and financing decisions. The plan also calls for enterprises to regulate outbound investment and construction activities to reduce or remediate adverse impacts on local biodiversity.
Colombia		The NBSAP commits to reporting the headline indicator on the Number of companies disclosing information on risks, dependencies and impacts regarding biodiversity. Private-sector mobilisation tools referenced include the green taxonomy in Colombia designed jointly by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit and the Financial Superintendence of Colombia, the Task-force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), and the Biodiversity and Business Route promoted by ANDI (Asociación Nacional de Empresarios de Colombia) and the National Guild Council including Acopi under GEF 7 ANDI Business for Nature 2023-2024. ANDI has conducted a cross-company exercise to unify private-sector biodiversity-financing information, although no public indicator or capture system yet exists. A study of eco-dependencies and impacts on biodiversity in the agro-industrial and electricity sectors is under way to define the conceptual and methodological framework for analysis of risks, dependencies and impacts on operations, supply and value chains, identify opportunities for Colombia to implement legal, administrative or policy measures enabling agro-industrial companies to comply with Target 15, and assess capacity-building requirements in prioritised subsectors.
Germany	By 2030, businesses will take specific measures to align their strategies, reporting systems, activities and financial flows more closely with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems, and boost their positive impacts.	Target 16.2 of the NBS 2030 addresses corporate biodiversity disclosure. The strategy requires that by 2030, businesses will take specific measures to align their strategies, reporting systems, activities, and financial flows more closely with the GBF, reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems, and boost their positive impacts. The strategy references the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct, including their biodiversity stipulations, calling for greater awareness and implementation. Businesses are expected to integrate biodiversity into their business strategies, engage with established scientific findings on risks and opportunities, analyse and reduce adverse effects including through value chains and financial flows, and boost positive impacts. The strategy notes that duplication of requirements should be avoided. Adequate legal and planning certainty is to be created for voluntary temporary nature conservation measures applying the 'temporary nature' concept. The Annex I indicators include the number of corporate sustainability reports that include effects on biodiversity in accordance with the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), and the number of businesses which set up transition plans for biodiversity. This indicator is to be developed through analysis of CSRD reports in the Federal Gazette.
Denmark		The NBSAP presents multiple instruments addressing business disclosure and biodiversity impacts. The Environment Minister established a biodiversity partnership of industry and business organisations, NGOs, think tanks, trade unions, and knowledge institutions, which presented recommendations in summer 2024 on reducing land and resource consumption. The partnership recommends use of SBTN (Science-based Targets for Nature) and TNFD (Taskforce for Nature-related Disclosure) methods. The EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) creates transparency and comparability on sustainability across larger companies. Approximately 2,200 Danish companies are subject to reporting requirements in annual reports, covering all large companies and listed companies (excluding micro-enterprises), as well as certain financial companies of public interest. Non-listed SMEs are not directly covered but are expected to be affected as subcontractors. The EU Taxonomy Regulation provides a classification system for identifying environmentally sustainable economic activities, including a biodiversity and ecosystems objective. The EU Deforestation Regulation requires due diligence for products containing soy, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, natural rubber, cattle, and wood. Internationally, Denmark supports the World Benchmarking Alliance (DKK 25 million in 2019-2024), which measures and compares the impact of the world's 2,000 largest companies across biodiversity, nature, environment, and climate. Support for IDH - The Sustainable Trade Initiative (DKK 80 million in 2022-2025) promotes deforestation-free value chains, and cooperation with WWF on 'Scaling Up Sustainable Soy' (DKK 30 million in 2023-2025) targets the Brazilian soy supply chain.
Spain		The NBSAP promotes business engagement with biodiversity through the Spanish Business and Biodiversity Initiative (IEEB), with dissemination of good business practices in sustainable corporate governance, including due diligence processes for value chains and the preparation of financial and non-financial reporting. Recognition of best business practices regarding biodiversity is to be strengthened. Guidance is to be developed offering clear methodologies based on available data, enabling companies and private organisations to ensure that investment projects and their financing are neutral or positive for natural heritage and biodiversity, within the framework of the EU Taxonomy Regulation (Regulation 2020/852). Biodiversity compatibility criteria are to be applied to financing and public support of projects through credits, loans, guarantees, grants, incentives, or subsidies.
European Union		The strategy addresses business disclosure and due diligence through several instruments. The Commission launched a review of the Non-Financial Reporting Directive in 2020, with a view to improving the quality and scope of non-financial disclosures including on environmental aspects such as biodiversity. A new sustainable corporate governance initiative is planned for 2021, which may take the form of a legislative proposal addressing human rights and environmental duty of care and due diligence across economic value chains, proportionate to enterprise size. For measurement and assessment, the Commission is to develop methods, criteria, and standards for measuring the environmental footprint of products and organisations, including through life-cycle approaches and natural capital accounting. The EU sustainable finance taxonomy is to guide investment towards green recovery and nature-based solutions, with a delegated act under the Taxonomy Regulation to establish a common classification of economic activities that substantially contribute to protecting and restoring biodiversity and ecosystems. A Renewed Sustainable Finance Strategy is to help ensure the financial system better reflects how biodiversity loss affects companies' profitability and long-term prospects.
Gabon	Encourage businesses to mainstream biodiversity into their practices to reduce risks and negative impacts	Gabon's National Target 15 aims to encourage businesses to mainstream biodiversity into their practices to reduce risks and negative impacts. Two strategic actions are specified: continue the process of adopting the draft law on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), referred to as the AWASSI initiative; and encourage national banks and businesses to incorporate biodiversity into their financing operations. The key indicator is that at least 20% of businesses apply CSR. MEEC and the Ministry of Economy are the responsible stakeholders. The strategy identifies that businesses whose activities depend on natural resources or impact ecosystems have an economic interest and ethical obligation to contribute to biodiversity conservation. In the mining and petroleum sectors, the NBSAP already requires mandatory environmental and social impact assessments, environmental management and site restoration plans, biodiversity monitoring in exploitation zones, and ecological compensation for residual impacts.
United Kingdom	The UK will take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions: (a) regularly monitor, assess and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, including with requirements for all large as well as transnational companies and financial institutions along their operations, supply and value chains, and portfolios; (b) provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns; (c) report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures, as applicable; in order to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production.	The NBSAP sets UK target 15, committing to take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions: (a) regularly monitor, assess and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, including with requirements along operations, supply and value chains, and portfolios; (b) provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns; and (c) report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures. The stated purpose is to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote sustainable patterns of production.
Equatorial Guinea	By 2030, review, update and harmonise the environmental and sectoral legal and institutional framework of Equatorial Guinea, through the updating of the Law on the Use and Management of Forests, the Environmental Regulatory Law, the Water and Coastal Law, the National Hydrocarbons Law and the National CITES Law, as well as the drafting, adoption and implementation of the Biodiversity Law, the Climate Change Framework Law and their respective Implementing Regulations, including the review and effective implementation of the National Committee for Environmental Conservation.	National Target 15 commits, by 2030, to review, update and harmonise the environmental and sectoral legal and institutional framework of Equatorial Guinea — updating the Law on the Use and Management of Forests, the Environmental Regulatory Law, the Water and Coastal Law, the National Hydrocarbons Law and the National CITES Law, as well as drafting, adoption and implementation of the Biodiversity Law, the Climate Change Framework Law and their Implementing Regulations, and reviewing and effectively implementing the National Committee for Environmental Conservation (CONAMA). Implementation conditions include drafting and adopting Implementing Regulations for current environmental and forestry legislation, organising national and international seminars for regulatory harmonisation with active participation of the private and financial sectors, conducting a comparative study of the current legal framework to assess corporate environmental compliance and identify legal gaps, and reactivating and strengthening CONAMA as an inter-institutional coordination body. A budget line of USD 500,000 is attached to seminar-workshops and the legal comparative study. Indicators include the number of companies that disclose information on biodiversity-related risks, dependencies and impacts, national environmental impacts of consumption, and the national ecological footprint. Degree of alignment is MEDIUM–HIGH.
Indonesia	National Target 18 (TN 18): Enhancing transparency of the private and financial sectors in biodiversity management and reducing negative impacts of business operations on biodiversity.	Strategy 3.3 (Financial Development and Strengthening) and National Target 18 (TN 18): Enhancing Transparency of the Private and Financial Sectors in Biodiversity Management and Reducing Negative Impacts of Business Operations on Biodiversity map to KMGBF Target 15. The regulatory stack comprises Law Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies (with Government Regulation Number 47 of 2012 on Social and Environmental Responsibility) and Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation Number 51 of 2017 (POJK 51/2017) on Sustainable Finance for financial-service institutions, issuers and public companies, which requires a Sustainable Financial Action Plan and an annual Sustainability Report covering ESG risks. In the oil and gas sector, Cooperation Contract Contractors (KKKS) must prepare Environmental Baseline Assessment (EBA) documents. TN 18 is measured by one indicator: percentage of companies and financial institutions reporting on biodiversity and environmental management, derived from PROPER Green and Gold ratings (157 of 2,021 companies in 2020 for a baseline of 7.77 percent; 221 of 3,200 in 2022 for 6.91 percent). Targets are 30 percent in 2030 and 50 percent in 2030 (sic; 30 percent 2030 in source; 50 percent in 2030 per table row, with 80 percent in 2045). The single action group is enhancement of biodiversity management disclosure by the private sector and financial institutions. Lead entities are OJK, KLH/BPLH, Kemenhut, KKP, Kementan, Kemen ESDM, Bappenas, Kemenkeu, Bank Indonesia and private and non-state actors.
India	Take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable businesses, particularly large companies and financial institutions to regularly monitor, assess and disclose risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, progressively reduce their negative impacts, increase their positive impacts and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production.	India's NBSAP commits to taking legal, administrative, or policy measures to encourage and enable businesses, particularly large companies and financial institutions, to regularly monitor, assess, and disclose their biodiversity-related risks, dependencies, and impacts across production, supply chains, and portfolios. The headline indicators reference the number of countries with measures enabling business biodiversity disclosure (15.1) and the number of companies disclosing biodiversity risks and impacts (15.b), with component indicators on the number of companies publishing sustainability reports (SDG indicator 12.6.1). Complementary indicators track the number of organisations signalling intent to adopt the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) recommendations. Three national indicators are tracked: trends in business responsibility and sustainability reporting, sector-wise (15.1); number of companies submitting sector-specific biodiversity reporting and follow-up actions taken (15.2); and trends in biodiversity-related risk disclosures (15.3). Lead agencies include the Ministry of Finance, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) through the India Business and Biodiversity Initiative (IBBI), and the National Biodiversity Authority.
Iran	Take legal, administrative, or policy measures to encourage and enable businesses, especially large and transnational companies and financial institutions, to: (a) Regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies, and impacts on biodiversity along their operations, supply, and value chains, and portfolios; (b) Provide consumers with information to promote sustainable consumption patterns; (c) Report compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations, as applicable.	NT-15 commits to taking legal, administrative, or policy measures to encourage and enable businesses, especially large and transnational companies and financial institutions, to regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies, and impacts on biodiversity along their operations, supply and value chains, and portfolios; provide consumers with information to promote sustainable consumption patterns; and report compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations. The goal is to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business, and promote sustainable production patterns. Among the 13 actions listed (one incomplete), specific measures include developing and enforcing binding executive guidelines for urban and rural waste management to prevent waste and leachate leakage; amending regulations to establish the Energy Optimisation and Strategic Management Organisation with diversity in the fuel basket; identifying and producing mineral raw materials to replace polymer materials in the mining and petrochemical value chain while preserving the environment; and establishing a system for monitoring and evaluating implementation of the DSI strategy.
Iceland	That the business sector systematically assess the impacts of its activities on biodiversity and nature in Iceland as well as in an international context, and contribute to necessary changes for the benefit of biological diversity.	The NBSAP addresses the role of the business sector under Guiding Principle E1, with the objective that the business sector systematically assess the impacts of its activities on biodiversity and nature in Iceland as well as in an international context, and contribute to necessary changes for the benefit of biological diversity. The policy notes that the GBF agreement places great emphasis on the role of the business sector and specifically addresses how businesses should assess impacts, provide information about those impacts, and strive to reduce negative impacts and increase positive ones. The policy identifies that businesses should find good channels for managing such information, citing environmental certification processes as good examples. It also calls for authorities and professionals to strengthen the framework for providing businesses with important information. Consultation responses from the Confederation of Icelandic Employers and others proposed that the business sector receive guidance and an adaptation period, and that cooperation between the government, the business sector and society be strengthened with emphasis on innovation, funding and transparent indicators.
Japan — National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2023–2030	Action-oriented target 3-1: Promote business activities that contribute to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and realise a nature-positive economy.	Action-oriented target 3-1 addresses business action on biodiversity through the framework of a Nature-positive economy. The government will promote business disclosure of nature-related risks and impacts through the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), noting that Japanese company participation in TNFD Forum has grown from 45 to 90 (figures cited in §442). The MOE and METI will publish guidance on corporate biodiversity disclosure aligned with TNFD, and update the Guidelines for Private Sector Engagement in Biodiversity. Supply chain due diligence will be addressed through the Clean Wood Act (requiring wood handlers to verify legality) and guidance on sustainable procurement of palm oil, soy, and other commodities. The government will expand green finance, including biodiversity-linked green bonds, and integrate nature into ESG investment frameworks. Certification systems (FSC, MSC/ASC, MEL, organic) will be promoted for procurement.
Lebanon	NT 17: By 2030, ensure that 75% of large businesses in Lebanon [...] implement corporate biodiversity reporting in line with TNFD.	National Target 17 commits that by 2030 at least 75% of large businesses in Lebanon and a complementary share of medium-sized businesses monitor, assess and disclose biodiversity-related risks and impacts. Tracking combines a Component Indicator on corporate biodiversity reporting linked to the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) framework with national actions to create a public CSR registry requiring annual reporting of biodiversity-related activities by all large companies; develop a standardised biodiversity-impact-assessment tool and train representatives from at least 75% of large companies and 25% of medium-sized companies on its use; and launch a 'Biodiversity Leaders' recognition programme that annually acknowledges the top 20 companies demonstrating exceptional biodiversity performance. The Positive Incentives indicator (NA under NT 21) is complementary, tracking government incentive steps for environmentally friendly companies and the number of businesses receiving corporate tax reductions for biodiversity-friendly operation.
Madagascar	By 2030, businesses, in particular large enterprises and financial institutions, assess, disclose and reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity, whilst promoting responsible and sustainable modes of production and consumption.	The NBSAP commits that by 2030, businesses — in particular large enterprises and financial institutions — assess, disclose and reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity, whilst promoting responsible and sustainable modes of production and consumption. Madagascar's current regulatory framework includes the MECIE Decree, and certain private companies apply ISO 14001 standards, but data and knowledge on ecological limits remain limited. Seventeen actions are structured around three strategic axes, with estimated financial needs of USD 5,665,285 (7.02% of Programme 3), allocated as: awareness-raising and training of businesses in CSR and biodiversity (USD 1,205,489); reducing business impacts (USD 2,653,432); and mobilising financing for biodiversity (USD 1,806,364). Strategic axis 1 covers development and dissemination of thematic guides on biodiversity and CSR (ISO 26000, TNFD, MECIE framework), targeted national campaigns for industrial, agricultural, extractive sectors and SMEs, training in biodiversity assessment and reporting (indicator 15.CT.1: number of businesses publishing sustainability reports), sectoral workshops for co-construction of CSR plans and biodiversity action plans, and public awareness campaigns on responsible purchasing and consumption. Strategic axis 2 applies biodiversity reporting obligations in the MECIE decree and future environmental reforms (indicator 15.b), deploys a national CSR/biodiversity label aligned with international standards, creates a national register of biodiversity reports (indicator 15.1: declarations of dependencies, risks and positive/negative impacts), implements ABS reporting requirements, establishes measures encouraging environmental labelling, encourages private sector support to local communities for biodiversity conservation, and strengthens application of the Mitigation Hierarchy "Avoid – Reduce – Restore – Offset" and the 5R approach. Strategic axis 3 develops mechanisms to unlock biodiversity credits/assistance from national funds (NFF, Road Fund, carbon credits, carbon finance, environmental subsidies), increases bank contributions to financing biodiversity projects, develops innovative financing mechanisms, supports win-win territorial projects through multi-stakeholder partnerships, and monitors and secures biodiversity-favourable investments — including tracking organisations beginning to adopt TNFD recommendations (indicator 15.CY.1).
Marshall Islands		Sub-target 3.15 calls for private sector compliance with national regulations and local government ordinances that affect biodiversity conservation and/or mitigation, delivered through EPA regulations, permits, and the SLASP. Headline indicator 15.1 (Private Sector Disclosure) tracks the number of companies disclosing biodiversity-related risks, dependencies, and impacts, with RMI EPA as data lead. Binary indicator 15.B (Private Sector Capacity) tracks legal, administrative, or policy measures aimed at encouraging business and financial institutions to reduce negative biodiversity impacts. Action 84 directs MoFBPS, EPPSO, and the Marshall Islands Chamber of Commerce, with RMI EPA support, to establish and maintain national biodiversity finance, incentive, subsidy, and private-sector disclosure tracking systems. Sub-action 84a specifically calls for compiling private-sector biodiversity disclosure data for headline indicator 15.1 ahead of the 8th National Report. Action 105 calls for the Marshall Islands Chamber of Commerce and MICNGOs to engage with ISO on the International Standard for biodiversity, and to support awareness, adoption, and application of biodiversity-related ISO standards by private-sector entities in the RMI. The SLASP applies the polluter-pays principle, holding operators responsible for rehabilitation and restoration costs.
Mauritania — National Biodiversity Strategy 2022–2030		The NBSAP commits to establishing legal, administrative, and policy frameworks to incentivise businesses to monitor, evaluate, and report on their dependence on and impact on biodiversity (A.2.6). The targets are 5 legal and administrative instruments developed, 50 businesses having integrated biodiversity objectives into their governance and corporate social responsibility policies, and 50 businesses certified by recognised environmental labels (ISO 14001, EMAS) for their biodiversity management, all by 2030. A regulatory impact assessment of existing biodiversity legislation (A.3.1) and a unified legislative text on biodiversity preservation (A.3.2) support this framework. Multiple pollution reduction actions (B.2.1–B.2.4) and all financial innovation actions (D.1–D.3) are also tagged to Target 15, including environmental assessment criteria for financial projects (D.3.3).
Malta	By 2030, pressures on biodiversity from economic activities are reduced, while positive impacts are increased, by mainstreaming biodiversity across the private sector. This supports the transition towards sustainable technologies and practices, including along the supply, trade, and value chains.	National Target 15 commits that by 2030, pressures on biodiversity from economic activities are reduced while positive impacts are increased by mainstreaming biodiversity across the private sector, supporting the transition towards sustainable technologies and practices including along supply, trade, and value chains. Action 15.1 encourages the private sector to value its impacts and dependencies upon natural capital, including biodiversity, and disclose them in non-financial statements in order to better integrate natural capital into decision-making. This is guided by the CBD Long-term Strategic Approach to Mainstreaming Biodiversity.
Malaysia		Malaysia's NPBD addresses business-sector disclosure through Target 2 Action 2.3 and Target 4 Action 4.1. Action 2.3 ("harness the strength of the private sector") commits to embed biodiversity conservation into the ESG commitments and strategies of all public-listed companies to ensure transparent disclosure; scale up CSR and ESG commitments of SMEs; strengthen the role of the Malaysia Platform for Business and Biodiversity (MPBB); develop and implement a Business and Biodiversity Action Plan in line with the Business and Biodiversity Strategic Roadmap; encourage the active participation of the private sector in reporting initiatives and disclosures based on international standards through national platforms; and encourage direct impact funding channels. Action 4.1 commits to develop and mainstream a Sustainable and Responsible Taxonomy for Biodiversity as a classification instrument for responsible investment and financing, and a framework for biodiversity-related financial disclosure to regulate and support biodiversity reporting and risk assessments by financial-sector firms; incentivise companies to adopt ESG goals strengthening biodiversity conservation and safeguards. The policy names the National Biodiversity Roundtable (NBR) and MPBB as standing private-sector engagement platforms and identifies Bursa Malaysia and Bank Negara as key financial-sector partners. Action 12.3 additionally collaborates with a range of businesses—restaurants, pet shops, aquarium traders, and traditional medicine practitioners—to remove rare, threatened, and endangered species and their derivatives from supply chains. The policy does not set a specific numeric disclosure coverage target (e.g., % of large companies reporting).
Namibia	Biodiversity-related risks and impacts associated with business activities are increasingly identified and addressed through environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment and other appropriate regulatory and voluntary mechanisms	National Target 15 commits that biodiversity-related risks and impacts associated with business activities are increasingly identified and addressed through environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment and other appropriate regulatory and voluntary mechanisms. Programme 25 strengthens identification and management of biodiversity-related risks and impacts of development and business activities. Implementation focuses on improving the quality and application of EIAs, SEAs and related safeguards in sectors with significant biodiversity footprints, and on promoting disclosure and transparency of biodiversity-related risks, dependencies and impacts through sustainability reporting, due diligence, and emerging biodiversity disclosure frameworks. The mitigation hierarchy — avoidance, minimisation, restoration and, where appropriate, offsetting — is to be applied consistently. Voluntary private-sector instruments (environmental management systems, sustainability reporting, biodiversity-sensitive investment screening, corporate due diligence) complement regulation in mining, energy, infrastructure, agriculture and fisheries. Engagement with financial institutions (banks, investors, insurers) supports integration of biodiversity risks into lending, investment and underwriting. Implementation instruments include the Environmental Management Act, No. 7, 2007, environmental management and monitoring plans, and voluntary standards and corporate sustainability reporting frameworks.
Netherlands		The NBSAP identifies a series of government-supported initiatives and partnerships to enable businesses and financial institutions to monitor, assess, and disclose their biodiversity impacts and dependencies. The Ministry of LVVN is one of the founders of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), participates in its Stewardship Council, and subsidises the TNFD to develop a framework for nature transition plans for private parties. The Ministry also supports the Partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials (PBAF), which develops the Biodiversity Footprint Financial Institutions tool and publishes the annual PBAF Standard as guidance for financial institutions to measure and report on their impacts and dependencies, including the monetary value of ecosystem services from investments. Additionally, the Ministry subsidises the Ecosystem Services Valuation Database (ESVD), a global database of monetary ecosystem service values that enables businesses and financial institutions to better account for their impacts. The NBSAP describes contributions to the IPBES methodological assessment on impacts and dependencies of the business sector relating to biodiversity; participation in the EU Business and Biodiversity Platform; and support through RVO for the Finance for Biodiversity Foundation and UNEP-FI in developing a framework for nature-positive financing, with a discussion paper published in 2024 and a framework and roadmap for financial institutions planned for 2025. De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) has set an objective of having sustainability integrated into its core tasks by 2025 under its Sustainable Finance Strategy. DNB published a guide for the management of climate and environmental risks in 2023, calling on supervised institutions to monitor biodiversity risks and provide information on material risks, with a consultation on the guide's update taking place in 2025. In collaboration with PBL, DNB is developing methods to quantify biodiversity risks, having published 'Indebted to Nature' (the first central bank calculation of financial sector exposure to nature-related risks) and a scenario-based study on economic and financial stability repercussions of nature degradation. DNB co-chairs the Task Force on Nature-related Risks under the Network for Greening the Financial System. The government stimulates knowledge development for the private sector through reports on biodiversity footprints, dependencies on ecosystem services, and harmonisation of methods for biodiversity accounting. PBL contributes with its 'Business & Biodiversity' report and models such as GLOBIO and IMAGE. Stakeholder contributions in the annex flag risks around CSRD implementation, noting that companies may incorrectly designate biodiversity as non-material. Financial institutions, consultancy firms, NGOs, trade associations, and accountants are called upon to challenge this. Stakeholders also call for correct implementation of CSDDD and OECD guidelines to incorporate biodiversity impact in value chains.
Rwanda	By 2030, large, transnational businesses and financial institutions operating in Rwanda will assess, disclose, and reduce their biodiversity-related risks and negative impacts, contributing to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.	The NBSAP sets National Target 15 requiring large, transnational businesses and financial institutions operating in Rwanda to assess, disclose, and reduce their biodiversity-related risks and negative impacts by 2030. Headline indicators track the number of organisations taking action on nature-related risk, dependencies, and impacts on biodiversity. Component indicators track action plans designed following nature-related risk reports, and complementary indicators track the number of companies publishing sustainability reports. The baseline notes that Rwanda has already established Guidelines No. 040/2024 of 25th November 2024 on disclosure and reporting of sustainability-related financial information for financial institutions, and Guidelines N° 2600/2023-00036 [616] of 29/11/2023 on Climate-Related and Environmental Financial Risks Management for Financial Institutions. Full implementation of these guidelines is targeted for December 2027. Strategic actions include developing baseline information through a readiness study on nature-related financial disclosure, updating and strengthening legal frameworks requiring businesses to identify and disclose nature-related actions, building institutional capacity and legal frameworks for nature-related financial disclosures, and creating guidelines for businesses to assess and disclose biodiversity-related risks. The financial mobilisation plan (Table 10) includes raising awareness in the financial and real sectors on nature-related risks, enforcing ESG reporting compliance on nature financial disclosures, and incorporating nature risk issues in financial sector dissemination. The costing allocates USD 750,000.
Saudi Arabia	Developing an enabling environment for activating partnerships with the business sector and private sector and their role in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.	National Target 16 aims to develop an enabling environment for activating partnerships with the business and private sector for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. The NBSAP explicitly links this target to GBF Target 15, which concerns ensuring that commercial businesses and financial institutions take necessary compliance measures. The national action plan specifies: conducting a comprehensive assessment of current participation of public and private sectors, identifying priorities, opportunities, challenges, and barriers (2026–2027); reviewing and updating policies and regulations to incentivise partnerships, including incentive packages, tax benefits, and financing for companies committed to sustainability and biodiversity conservation (2026–2027); establishing platforms for cooperation, partnership, and dialogue between government and business sectors (2026–2027); developing and disseminating best practice guidelines and environmental standards for the private sector, focusing on sectors with greatest biodiversity impact (2028); and enhancing environmental responsibility awareness through campaigns, training, and recognition of leading companies (2026–2030). Indicators include: number of companies reporting on biodiversity risks, dependencies, and impacts; number of companies publishing sustainability reports; percentage of private sector investment in wildlife services; and formal partnerships established with the private sector for biodiversity projects.
Sudan	Take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business in Sudan, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions: d. Regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, including with requirements for all large as well as transnational companies and financial institutions along their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios; e. Provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns; f. Report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures, as applicable; in order to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production.	National Target 15 calls for legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage business, particularly large and transnational companies and financial institutions, to regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose biodiversity risks, dependencies and impacts, provide information for sustainable consumption, and report on ABS compliance. Budget allocations under Goal D include US$1,370,000 for pollution aspects (4 actions). The gender matrix includes awareness activities on risks and effects of chemicals in gold mining sectors, particularly artisanal mining, and their impacts on biodiversity, with 50% women participation targets. The monitoring framework tracks the number of companies reporting on disclosures of risks, dependencies, and impacts on biodiversity, with a headline indicator measured against thresholds of P < 40% (Low), 40% ≤ P ≤ 70% (moderate), P > 70% (high). Additional indicators include signs of habitat degradation, destruction, and deforestation, as well as invasive species, monitored through RS, GIS, ground truth, and regulation compliance. A separate budget of US$85,000 and US$50,000 for monitoring is specified.
Sweden		Chapter 10 on business and biodiversity directly addresses target 15. The chapter describes EU regulations that structure disclosure of biodiversity impacts: the EU Green Taxonomy (Regulation (EU) 2020/852), which includes an objective on "Protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems"; the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/2088); and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2464), under which certain companies must report material impact on climate, pollution, water and marine resources, biodiversity and ecosystems, resource use and circular economy through the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). These regulations are stated to contribute in several ways to target 15. The Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) is used by AP2 and AP7 state pension funds in climate and nature reporting and investment-portfolio analysis. The Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) participates in developing ISO 17298 on integrating biodiversity into business governance and strategy. Sweden's mining industry (Svemin) has a "Mining with Nature" roadmap (2020) applying the mitigation hierarchy, with a target that the Swedish mining and minerals industry contributes to increased biodiversity in all regions of its activity by 2030. The Swedish Aggregates Producers Association published an Aggregate Industry's Roadmap for Biodiversity in 2025. Ecolabels (KRAV, Demeter, Nordic Swan, EU Ecolabel) are cited as contributing to target 15. Nature credits are being developed at EU level (COM/2025/374 final); Sweden supports a voluntary, high-integrity approach and Swedish Biocredit Alliance is cited.
Senegal	Promote the integration of biodiversity into decision-making processes of companies and financial institutions	The NBSAP defines national target (15) as promoting the integration of biodiversity into decision-making processes of companies and financial institutions. The results framework prescribes two priority actions: incentivising companies to direct their CSR funds towards ecological restoration and protected area management projects (indicator: volume of CSR funding allocated to biodiversity), and development of public-private partnership (PPP) models in the management of national parks and nature reserves (indicator: number of PPPs established). The resource mobilisation strategy further details the business engagement approach: companies are required under the polluter pays principle to finance the management of their waste and invest in ecosystem restoration within the framework of Environmental and Social Management Plans and Corporate Social Responsibility. Mining companies are subject to specific biodiversity criteria in their CSR. The NBSAP also mentions green taxonomy as a lever for directing financing towards projects with high environmental and social impact, and a reorientation of economic models through PPPs for the valorisation of protected areas.
El Salvador — NBSAP Country Page		The NBSAP explicitly associates KMGBF Target 15 (private sector) with National Target 7 (integration of biodiversity into development). The indicator framework tracks the number of companies disclosing information regarding biodiversity and the number of companies reporting initiatives in favour of biodiversity, including economic investments. The baseline notes no data are currently available. Since no previous reports exist on private sector initiatives and investments in favour of biodiversity in El Salvador, the NBSAP proposes developing a collaboration mechanism using trade associations and business networks as strategic partners, so that they submit consensus reports to the Ministry of the Environment on a voluntary basis, in coherence with the MRV to be established. The private sector is identified as a potential contributor to the mobilisation and leveraging of resources across all 10 national targets.
Togo	Target 10 : Take binding legal, administrative or policy measures to ensure the consideration of biodiversity in the planning of development actions by businesses and financial institutions	The NBSAP designates National Target 10 under Strategic Objective 1, mapped to GBF Target 15, committing to take binding legal, administrative, or policy measures to ensure the consideration of biodiversity in the planning of development actions by businesses and financial institutions. The NBSAP identifies the private sector's role in biodiversity conservation, listing cement factories, mining industries, agri-food industries, extractive industries, and private individuals as potential contributors. ANGE is responsible for coordinating environmental assessments and overseeing Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs) for development projects. The diagnostic analysis notes consideration of environmental concerns by the private sector through corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an opportunity. The target's emphasis on 'binding' legal measures distinguishes it from voluntary approaches.
Tunisia	By the 2030 horizon, at least 30% of businesses have implemented activities to reduce the effects of their value chains on biodiversity	The NBSAP dedicates Objective D2 to reducing the impact of corporate value chains on biodiversity, linked to KM-GBF Target 15. The national target states: "By the 2030 horizon, at least 30% of businesses have implemented activities to reduce the effects of their value chains on biodiversity." The alignment analysis had identified Target 15 as having no equivalent in the previous NBSAP 2018-2030. Measure D2.1 supports businesses in reducing their value chain impact, with actions to: support businesses in building biodiversity action plans (D2.1.1), introduce legislation on environmental reporting obligations (D2.1.2), encourage adoption of ISO standards ISO 14001 and ISO 26000 (D2.1.3), encourage product certification for businesses that have reduced impacts (D2.1.4), integrate biodiversity conservation into business specifications (D2.1.5), and encourage banks, the private sector, and national donors to commit to biodiversity protection (D2.1.6). Additionally, Action D5.1.4 calls for requiring the calculation of the biodiversity footprint of businesses, noting that very few or no businesses in Tunisia currently calculate their footprint. Action D6.1.3 proposes developing green markets through certifying products or supply chains and labelling territories.
Vanuatu		The NBSAP includes six implementation activities under Target 15 within Strategic Area 3 (Mainstreaming Biodiversity). These address business and private sector biodiversity disclosure and accountability: developing an Environmental, Social, and Cultural Safeguard (MB.06, VUV 2,000,000, short-term); reviewing the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulation to ensure companies disclose biodiversity-related risks, dependencies, and impacts (MB.07, VUV 5,000,000, short-term); developing regulations allowing private companies, CSOs, and NGOs to disclose the impact of biodiversity assessments and associated information (MB.08, VUV 6,000,000, short-term); developing appropriate methodologies and tools for project developers and operators to monitor and assess biodiversity-related risk (MB.09, VUV 1,000,000, medium-term); encouraging a partnership with the Vanuatu Business Resilience Committee (VBRC) to promote biodiversity considerations across private businesses (MB.10, VUV 1,000,000, short-term); and maintenance of handicraft market facilities to promote sustainable utilisation of natural resources for women's groups (MB.11, VUV 10,000,000, medium-term). Target 15 is allocated 11 actions costing VUV 187,000,000.
Afghanistan	Afghanistan will not address Target 15.	The NBSAP explicitly states that Afghanistan will not address Target 15. In Annex 1, the headline indicator (number of companies reporting on disclosures of risks, dependencies, and impacts on biodiversity) is noted as undeveloped by the CBD, and all responsibility, cooperator, and date fields are left empty.
Australia		The NBSAP does not establish specific requirements for business biodiversity risk disclosure. However, progress measure 12B tracks the number of organisations and businesses reporting their performance against environmental measures, and progress measure 12C tracks the number of organisations and businesses making nature-related financial disclosures. Objective 8 notes that all businesses and industries use and therefore have an impact on natural resources and calls for valuing impacts and dependencies. Figure 5 maps Objective 12 (Measure collective efforts to demonstrate our progress) to GBF Target 15.
Benin		The NBSAP addresses private sector engagement principally through its theory of change and monitoring framework. The partnership principle identifies public-private partnership as particularly desirable, with a dual objective: sustainability and poverty reduction for public partners, and production, profitability, and market objectives for private partners (§58). National objective 11 aims to encourage the adoption by private actors of positive incentive measures to support restoration and preservation of biodiversity, with headline indicators including the number of civil society organisations and local communities involved in biodiversity conservation and positive incentive measures in place (§127). National objective 15 in the monitoring framework directly references business disclosure: its headline indicators include the number of businesses disclosing their biodiversity-related risks, dependencies and impacts, and the number of legal, administrative or policy measures aimed at encouraging businesses and financial institutions to reduce negative impacts and increase positive impacts on biodiversity (§127). Complementary indicators reference the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures. However, there is no dedicated programme, legislative measure, or budgeted action specifically requiring or supporting business biodiversity disclosure or reporting.
Brazil		The NBSAP section numbering (skipping from 3.3.16 to 3.3.18) indicates that a dedicated Target 15 section (3.3.17) exists in the full document, but this section was not included in the available briefing. The Key Terms table confirms the NBSAP treats Target 15 as a distinct national target: "Consumer-relevant information" is defined in relation to Target 15, describing the importance of making information available to consumers about business practices' impacts on biodiversity, and "Bioeconomy" is linked to Targets 9 and 15. The NBSAP's broader context mentions engagement of the Brazilian Business Council for Sustainable Development (CEBDS) and the National Confederation of Industry (CNI) in the consultation process for developing the NBSAP. The National Bioeconomy Strategy (Decree No. 12,044, June 2024) sets guidelines to coordinate government, private sector, and civil society actions for the sustainable use of biological resources.
Bhutan		The NBSAP does not contain a national target specifically addressing business monitoring, assessment, and disclosure of biodiversity risks as called for by KMGBF Target 15. The Annexure maps Bhutan's National Target 16 (sustainable consumption and production) to both KMGBF Targets 15 and 16, but the national target's content focuses on waste reduction and SCP rather than business disclosure requirements. The NBSAP does note that a targeted consultation with key private sector representatives was held in Phuentsholing on 5 March 2025 to incorporate industry and business perspectives. However, no strategies or actions require businesses to assess, disclose, or reduce biodiversity-related risks or negative impacts.
Belarus		The strategy's objective 15 is mapped by the NBSAP to KMGBF Targets 15 and 18. However, its content addresses creating legal and economic mechanisms to incentivise rational use of natural resources; establishing economic incentives in environmental protection through best available techniques, resource-saving technologies, and "green" procurement; and attracting investors to finance biological diversity. This relates to the business practices dimension of Target 15 but does not specifically address the monitoring, assessment, and disclosure of biodiversity risks, dependencies, and impacts by businesses, which is the core action of Target 15.
Canada		Target 15 (business disclosure of biodiversity risks, dependencies, and impacts; Target 15a) is addressed in Canada's NBSAP through referenced initiatives rather than a dedicated chapter. The Target 14 chapter notes the international Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) is working to enable organizations to integrate nature into financial decision making, and that some sectors have adopted voluntary nature-related standards. The National Conservation Exchange pilot (ECCC) is testing a science-based approach to assess and recognize biodiversity and bio-cultural benefits of conservation projects to incentivize private sector and industry investments. Under Target 16/15b, ISED is advancing amendments to the Competition Act to address misleading greenwashing claims — requiring that environmental or climate benefits representations be adequately substantiated. Target 15b (consumer information) is covered by product-labelling initiatives (chemicals of concern labelling in 2024; plastics recyclability/compostability labelling by 2025) and Target 15c (ABS reporting) is covered under Target 13. The Target 19 chapter notes that natural capital accounting, biodiversity-related tools for the financial sector, and voluntary private sector initiatives (e.g., Net-Zero Challenge) are being leveraged. The headline indicator 15.1 (companies disclosing biodiversity-related risks, dependencies, and impacts) is under development in the DBMF; a domestic indicator 'Business action on sustainability' is existing/in use. The NBSAP does not set out a dedicated Target 15a regulatory regime for corporate biodiversity disclosure.
Switzerland		The NBSAP discusses the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) under SBS Objective 1. The Confederation supports the TNFD, which is led by the private sector and launched its framework in September 2023. At least four large Swiss companies actively participated in defining the TNFD framework, and at least eight Swiss companies declared their willingness to voluntarily disclose information as prescribed by the TNFD. The TNFD is noted as aligned with international standards such as the Global Reporting Initiative and the International Sustainability Standards Board. However, the action plan explicitly states that transposition into Swiss law and implementation of the TNFD recommendations in the Swiss context will not be addressed in AP SBS II.
Côte d'Ivoire		The NBSAP identifies private enterprises as key economic and social actors whose activities directly impact biodiversity, listing agro-industries, fisheries, petroleum and mining operations, transport, development, and chemical industries. The strategy recommends three measures: taking biodiversity into account in reporting instruments, adopting specific voluntary measures for enterprises whose activity generates significant threats, and mobilising subsidies for conservation. However, these recommendations do not constitute a monitoring, assessment, and disclosure framework of the type envisioned by KMGBF Target 15. The strategy does not reference supply chain transparency, biodiversity risk reporting standards, or mandatory disclosure mechanisms.
Egypt		The NBSAP reproduces KMGBF Target 15 in Annex 4 — requiring legal, administrative, or policy measures so that large and transnational companies and financial institutions regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their biodiversity risks, dependencies, and impacts along operations, supply and value chains, and portfolios; provide information to consumers; and report on ABS compliance. Programme 3 lists "The business community and biodiversity protection in Egypt" among its projects, and the Biodiversity Financing Plan commits to strengthening public–private partnerships, encouraging corporate social responsibility financing for biodiversity, and integrating biodiversity-positive carbon credits into the carbon market. Establishing a roadmap for biodiversity offsets within environmental impact assessment policies is proposed to ensure that negative impacts are compensated, aiming for no net loss and ideally a net gain. The briefing does not set a specific national policy for mandatory business biodiversity disclosure along value chains, nor quantify the scope of entities covered.
Eritrea		The NBSAP does not address corporate biodiversity disclosure, reporting, or supply chain assessment as envisioned by GBF Target 15. The only business-related action is under National Target 11, which plans to train and orient small and large businesses to reduce their impacts on biodiversity (Action 11.3.3, 2027-2030, USD 70,000). This is a capacity-building and awareness measure rather than a disclosure or reporting requirement.
Luxembourg		The NBSAP does not require businesses to monitor, assess, or disclose their biodiversity-related risks and impacts in line with Target 15's core action. However, it addresses private-sector engagement with biodiversity on a voluntary basis. Section 44 plans a feasibility study and market analysis, in consultation with the Ministry of the Economy, to establish an instrument encouraging businesses to actively take biodiversity into account and integrate it within their operations and structures. Any business commitment would be "voluntary, participatory and, where appropriate, incentive-based." The strategy envisions businesses acting directly in favour of biodiversity, integrating biodiversity into their value chains, supply chains, and investment decisions, and raising awareness among employees, clients, and suppliers. By the stated timeline, the feasibility analysis was to be completed by 2024, and businesses cumulatively representing at least 10% of the total workforce in Luxembourg were to have committed by 2026. Section 38 references EU-level initiatives including a natural capital accounting assessment framework with criteria based on the EU taxonomy to support biodiversity-friendly investments. Section 51 describes the state's commitment to visualise and disclose nature-related data through annual "State of Nature" reports and the national competitiveness observatory's biodiversity component, but these are government-level disclosure mechanisms rather than requirements on businesses.
Libya	By 2030, develop and implement national plans and programs for the sustainable production and use of natural resources and ecosystem services targeted by development projects, with effective follow-up mechanisms to ensure that the negative impacts of such projects on biodiversity are minimized.	The NBSAP's national Target 15 addresses sustainable production and use of natural resources rather than business biodiversity disclosure specifically. The target commits to developing national plans and programmes for sustainable production and use of natural resources and ecosystem services targeted by development projects, with follow-up mechanisms to minimise negative impacts on biodiversity. Priorities include reviewing existing laws and market incentives and introducing regulatory reforms to promote sustainable consumption and production across sectors (by 2024); integrating sustainable consumption and production into strategies and sectoral programmes; developing legislation requiring government bodies to procure sustainably produced supplies; launching public awareness campaigns; developing a national R&D strategy for green economy transition; capacity-building programmes; including sustainable consumption and production in educational curricula; and directing financial institutions to finance sustainable investments, especially by SMEs. While the financial institution directive and regulatory reform priorities relate to business conduct regarding biodiversity, the target does not require businesses to monitor, assess, or transparently disclose their specific risks, dependencies, and impacts on biodiversity.
Mexico — Estrategia Nacional de Biodiversidad de México (ENBioMex)		The briefing does not dedicate a specific Annex 2 section to Target 15 (Corporate responsibility), and no keyword matches were flagged. However, the Annex 3 action-level mapping shows several ENBioMex actions with direct contributions to this target. These include social and private sector participation (2.1.11), conservation plans for threat reduction (2.1.13), sustainable enterprises (3.2.3), productive reconversion (3.2.4), diversification of use (3.2.5), added value (3.2.6), market niches (3.2.7), low environmental impact services (3.2.9), international trade (4.2.1), national trade (4.2.2), and application of the legal and regulatory framework (4.2.3). Environmental awareness raising and training for enterprises (5.3.8) also contributes directly. The focus is on engaging the private sector in sustainable practices rather than on disclosure or reporting requirements per se.
State of Palestine		The NBSAP cites the post-2020 framework call for businesses in all relevant economic sectors and at all levels — especially large and transnational companies and those with the most significant impacts on biodiversity — to actively transition towards sustainable technologies and practices, including their supply, trade and value chains, demonstrating decreasing negative and increasingly net positive impacts on ecosystems. Institutions at all levels are called on to incorporate biodiversity loss in their risk analyses and have increasingly net positive impacts, including by financing activities that can verifiably demonstrate biodiversity benefits or co-benefits. Section 5.4 notes the priority of green-economy investment, encouraging investment in green-technology production to enhance competitive positioning in the global supply chain, and highlights the agricultural sector's need to be responsive to innovation in energy efficiency, water saving and chemical reduction. No specific national mandate, regulation or quantified target on business biodiversity disclosure is set out.
Suriname		The NBSAP addresses business engagement with biodiversity through Target 2.5 but does not establish a discrete commitment requiring large or transnational companies to disclose biodiversity-related risks, dependencies and impacts in line with the GBF Target 15 framing. Target 2.5 narrative notes the role of the private sector, the recent Environment Framework Act 'in enforcing regulations to enhance compliance and environmentally responsible business practices', and includes an action to strengthen the capacity of local companies to improve their HSE corporate standards and fulfil their role in ESIAs with regard to dependency on or impact on biodiversity. The Strategic Target 2.5 wording explicitly mentions 'transparency and compliance'. Suriname's commitment to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), 'which includes an environmental reporting requirement', is cited in the institutional context. No quantified disclosure mandate, regulatory framework or sector scope is specified.
Chad		The NBSAP addresses business engagement mainly through its overall monitoring framework rather than via a dedicated national objective. Section 6.3 states that the integration of the multiple values of biodiversity in corporate action plans (GBT 15) helps reduce pressures on biodiversity, and identifies NO4, NO1 and NO17 as the corresponding national objectives. The monitoring table notes as a 2011–2020 reference that national entities have not yet integrated biodiversity into their planning and that international companies aware of biodiversity importance are not held accountable by the government. The 2030 target is framed around exploration, production and trade activities established and/or carried out by national and international companies that integrate biodiversity. Stated measures include ensuring that production and supply use natural resources sustainably; rethinking agricultural production systems to minimise negative and maximise positive biodiversity impacts; and ensuring that all natural inputs (timber, non-timber plants and wild fungi, fish and other aquatic species, commercially traded wildlife) come from certified sources. The NBSAP does not include a dedicated national objective on corporate disclosure or monitoring of biodiversity impacts along the value chain.
Thailand		The plan addresses private-sector engagement with biodiversity through incentive tools and financial mechanisms but does not, in the sections reviewed, include a dedicated commitment requiring large businesses to monitor, assess, or disclose biodiversity risks, impacts, and dependencies. The Biodiversity Conservation Incentive Tools Implementation approach (§36) considers economic tools and non-economic mechanisms to encourage biodiversity-related private sector businesses and small and medium-sized industries. The Access to Innovative Financial Mechanisms approach (§64) commits to encourage the financial sector and private businesses to work towards sustainability goals that incorporate biodiversity issues as the foundation for economic and social development. Under the incentive mechanism's financial measures (§130), item 7 commits to mobilising financial sector engagement and private business participation to promote blended finance solutions and to encourage private sector investment in biodiversity protection, conservation, and sustainable use through dedicated funds and financial instruments, and item 8 lists biodiversity offsets and credits among the innovative financing mechanisms to be stimulated. Appendix A aligns the plan with SDG 12.6 on encouraging companies to adopt sustainable practices and integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle.
Uganda		The NBSAP mentions a role for the financial sector in managing biodiversity risks in lending and investment decisions and setting up innovative financial mechanisms for pro-biodiversity businesses (§184). The private sector section (§188) describes companies investing in biodiversity through corporate social responsibility programmes and multi-stakeholder partnerships aligned with sustainability goals, noting that this fosters corporate accountability towards biodiversity conservation. However, the NBSAP does not describe specific disclosure, monitoring, assessment, or reporting requirements for businesses regarding their biodiversity dependencies and impacts.
Yemen	By 2030, ensure that all companies transparently disclose profits from the use of genetic resources and potential risks to ecosystems, and implement effective risk mitigation systems while ensuring fair benefit-sharing with communities.	The NBSAP does not directly address business monitoring, assessment, and disclosure of biodiversity risks and dependencies as envisioned by GBF Target 15. However, National Target 14 (aligned to GBF 15 in Table 7) states: by 2030, ensure that all companies transparently disclose profits from the use of genetic resources and potential risks to ecosystems, and implement effective risk mitigation systems while ensuring fair benefit-sharing with communities. This target focuses on disclosure of genetic resource profits and risk mitigation rather than the broader business-biodiversity dependency disclosure envisioned by GBF Target 15, and is more closely aligned with GBF Target 13 (benefit sharing). The Action Plan includes enacting national legislation for fair and equitable sharing of genetic benefits and developing partnership strategies between communities and multinational companies, but does not elaborate on biodiversity risk disclosure frameworks for businesses more broadly.
Belgium
Czechia
Hungary
Lesotho
Nigeria
Norway
Panama
Paraguay
Slovenia
Viet Nam
Zambia