Equatorial Guinea

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

Sub-Saharan AfricaApplies 2025–2030Source: Gender Action Plan

1. Overview

The Estrategia Nacional y Plan de Acción para la Diversidad Biológica (ENPADIB) 2025–2030 is Equatorial Guinea's main planning instrument for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use over its period of validity [§9]. It is the second revision of the national strategy originally prepared in 2005 and first revised in 2015, and reaffirms the country's commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework [§9]. The update was carried out through a participatory process between April and October 2024 — seminars, technical and political workshops, national consultations and specialised meetings involving government, NGOs, academia, independent consultants, local communities and traditional chiefs — with financial support from the Global Environment Facility and institutional backing from the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea [§9].

ENPADIB adopts 22 national commitments*, each mapped to one of the 23 KMGBF targets with a country-declared alignment rating [§9, §248]. The strategy is structured around eleven priority sectoral areas***"Áreas sectoriales prioritarias" is Equatorial Guinea's own structuring device, not a KMGBF concept.ENPADIB calls these "metas nacionales" (national targets). This page uses "national commitment" throughout so that "GBF Target" unambiguously refers to the 23 global targets. The 22 national commitments map onto GBF Targets 1–23, with global Targets 22 and 23 both covered by national commitments 21 and 22. grouped into four blocks: conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems; management of territory and natural resources; productive, energy and technological factors; and the institutional, legal and social framework [§9]. A cross-cutting Gender Action Plan forms the entire third part of the document [§9, §147].

ENPADIB 2025–2030, adopted as the second revision of Equatorial Guinea's national strategy, frames conservation around 22 national commitments mapped to the KMGBF and an indicative USD 92 million implementation envelope. Two of those commitments are dedicated to gender and youth inclusion; a full Gender Action Plan runs as the third part of the document.

Sources:

  • §9 — Executive Summary
  • §147 — Third Part > Gender Action Plan
  • §248 — Implementation of the ENPADIB > National Target 22 (Grand Total)

2. Ecological Context

Equatorial Guinea occupies 28,051.46 km² in the Gulf of Guinea, split between a Continental Region (26,017.5 km²) and an Insular Region (2,034 km²) comprising Bioko — which hosts the capital Malabo — and Annobón, 682 km south of Malabo in the southern hemisphere [§35, §36]. The 2015 census recorded 1,225,377 inhabitants at 44 inhabitants per km², 76.1% urban and 23.9% rural, a distribution the NBSAP describes as "evidencing a significant process of rural exodus" [§35].

The climate is equatorial, with high temperatures, abundant precipitation and heavy cloud cover throughout the year [§37]. Malabo receives 2,000–2,300 mm of annual precipitation over about 110 rain days; Basilé Peak exceeds 3,000 mm as the volcanic relief "acts as a natural barrier"; Bata records approximately 2,800 mm over 166 rain days [§37]. Approximately 60% of the continental territory drains into the Mbini (Wele) River basin, the country's principal watercourse; Bioko's rivers are short and torrential, Annobón's are limited and seasonal [§39, §40].

The NBSAP identifies biodiversity as "one of the country's principal natural assets", with combined continental and insular territories producing marked biogeographical differentiation and high endemism "especially in the insular region" [§43, §44]. Tropical humid forests dominate plant cover; Bioko's volcanic relief and rainfall underpin endemic flora of high ecological value, including a fern (Aspleniaceae pteridophyta) unique to the island and culturally significant to the Bubi [§45, §54]. Emblematic fauna include the drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus), mandrill, western lowland gorilla, chimpanzee, leopard, elephant, sitatunga, picathartes, and Zenker's flying mouse (Idiurus zenkeri) [§46]. Bioko "stands out for the presence of a high number of endemic species", which the NBSAP states confers "a particular responsibility in terms of conservation, both nationally and internationally" [§46, §47].

Pressures identified include a progressive expansion of agricultural surfaces and human settlements, landscape transformation and reduction of forest cover; growth of coastal and insular urban concentrations, infrastructure development and expansion of productive activities have increased pressure on ecosystems near urban centres, communication axes and agricultural zones, resulting in deforestation and habitat degradation [§54, §56]. Continental soils are described as "sensitive to degradation when natural plant cover is altered" [§51].

Sources:

  • §35, §36 — Area, population and geography
  • §37 — Climate
  • §39, §40 — Hydrography
  • §43–§48 — Biodiversity and ecosystems
  • §45, §46, §47 — Flora, fauna and endemism
  • §51, §54, §56 — Soils, land use and pressures

3. National Commitments and GBF Alignment

ENPADIB sets 22 national commitments for 2025–2030, each mapped to a KMGBF target with a country-declared degree of alignment rated HIGH, MEDIUM or LOW [§239–§263]. Structurally, GBF Targets 22 and 23 are folded into two dedicated gender/youth commitments (National Commitments 21 and 22), which is why the country has 22 headline commitments for 23 global targets [§247, §248, §263]. Indicative financing across the costed commitments totals USD 92,000,000 [§248]. To keep the section navigable, commitments are grouped by the four blocks of the ENPADIB.

Block A — Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems

Commitment 1 — Spatial planning. "Ensure by 2030 that all areas are subject to participatory and integrated spatial planning covering at least 30% of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, respecting the rights of local and indigenous communities" [§249]. Delivered through a National Territorial Planning Plan (POT), a Cadastre and Land Planning Act, and the updated Water and Coastal Law. Country alignment: HIGH. Indicative cost USD 5,000,000 [§239]. Measurable commitment (30%, 2030).

Commitment 2 — Ecosystem restoration. Bring at least 20% of degraded terrestrial, inland water, coastal and marine ecosystems under effective restoration by 2030 — explicitly below the global 30% threshold [§249]. Delivered through a national cartographic "red list" of degraded ecosystems, the SEPAL project, a National Strategy for the Restoration of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, and planned accession to the Abidjan and Bamako Conventions. Alignment: MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 12,000,000 — the largest single line in the plan [§239]. Measurable commitment (20%, 2030).

Commitment 3 — Protected areas. Implement and expand the National System of Protected Areas (Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, SNAP)* in marine areas by 2030, strengthening conservation of mangroves, wetlands and sensitive marine areas [§250]. Alignment: MEDIUM–HIGH. Indicative cost USD 10,000,000 [§239]. Directional aspiration (no quantitative marine threshold stated). *SNAP is the national protected-area system.

Commitment 4 — Threatened species. Establish and maintain regulated facilities and strengthen protected-area management for wild fauna and flora, with emphasis on protected and/or threatened species, reducing human–wildlife conflicts [§251]. Alignment: MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 9,500,000. Directional aspiration.

Commitment 5 — Use and trade of wild species. Ensure use, harvesting and trade of wild species are sustainable, safe and lawful, minimising impacts on non-target species, reducing health risks and respecting customary practices [§251]. Delivered through an updated National CITES Law and a national Flora and Fauna Red List. Alignment: MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 2,000,000. Directional aspiration.

Commitment 6 — Invasive alien species. Conduct diagnostic studies on distribution, dynamics and impacts of IAS by 2030 and develop a national strategic management and control plan [§252]. Alignment: MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 1,500,000. Measurable commitment (named deliverables, 2030).

Block B — Management of territory and natural resources

Commitment 7 — Pollution. Establish by 2030 a baseline of sources and levels of current pollutant emissions, monitoring systems, and mitigation measures [§240, §253]. The national framing is largely climate- and deforestation-focused rather than the nutrients/pesticides/plastics frame of global Target 7. Delivered through a Climate Change Framework Law. Alignment: MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 2,000,000. Measurable commitment (baseline deliverable, 2030).

Commitment 8 — Climate change and ENPADIB implementation. Have the Second National Communication on Climate Change available and implement at least 80% of ENPADIB by 2030, and update and adopt the NDCs [§241, §253]. Alignment: MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 1,000,000. Measurable commitment (80%, 2030) — an unusual meta-commitment to ENPADIB implementing itself.

Commitment 9 — Sustainable use of wild flora and fauna. Develop, update and implement management plans across forest types for the benefit of local communities [§241, §254]. Alignment: HIGH. Indicative cost USD 2,000,000. Directional aspiration.

Commitment 10 — Ecological baselines and territorial planning. Establish ecological baselines for agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry; develop the National Territorial Planning Plan; define a climate-sensitive agricultural policy [§241, §255]. Alignment: HIGH in implementation table / LOW in the global correspondence table. Indicative cost USD 7,000,000. Measurable commitment (named deliverables, 2030).

Commitment 11 — Restoration of degraded ecosystems. Restore degraded terrestrial, coastal, marine and riverine ecosystems through ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions [§241, §256]. Alignment: HIGH (objectives) / LOW (current capacities). Indicative cost USD 5,000,000. Directional aspiration (no % threshold stated at this line).

Block C — Productive, energy and technological factors

Commitment 12 — Urban green and blue spaces. Ensure by 2030 that 30% of ecological urbanisation projects in cities, municipalities and urban districts prioritise green and blue space integration [§242, §257]. Alignment: LOW in implementation table; HIGH (strategic) / LOW (operational) in the correspondence table. Indicative cost USD 10,000,000. Measurable commitment (30%, 2030).

Commitment 13 — Access and benefit-sharing. Update, implement and disseminate the National ABS Strategy; enact a national ABS law; create a National ABS Committee [§243, §258]. Coverage extends to digital sequence information. Alignment: HIGH (legal/strategic) / MEDIUM (institutional/financial). Indicative cost USD 1,000,000. Measurable commitment (named legal deliverables, 2030).

Commitment 14 — Public awareness and mainstreaming. Increase public awareness and integrate biodiversity across sectoral policies and planning by 2030 [§244, §259]. Alignment: MEDIUM–HIGH. Indicative cost USD 1,000,000. Directional aspiration.

Block D — Institutional, legal and social framework

Commitment 15 — Legal and institutional framework. Review and update the Law on the Use and Management of Forests, the Environmental Regulatory Law, the Water and Coastal Law, the National Hydrocarbons Law and the National CITES Law; prepare and implement a Biodiversity Law and a Climate Change Framework Law and their Implementing Regulations; operationalise the National Committee for Environmental Conservation (CONAMA) [§244, §259]. Alignment: MEDIUM–HIGH. Indicative cost USD 500,000. Measurable commitment (enumerated legal deliverables, 2030).

Commitment 16 — Sustainable consumption and incentives. Increase sustainable consumption alternatives and provide incentives and recognition for actors that use and manage biological resources rationally [§244, §259]. Alignment: HIGH / MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 1,500,000. Directional aspiration.

Commitment 17 — GMOs and biosafety. Develop a law on the use and management of genetically modified organisms, adopt an Emergency Measures Plan for biotechnology accidents, and ratify the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety — which Equatorial Guinea has not yet ratified [§244, §260]. Alignment: HIGH. Indicative cost USD 2,000,000. Measurable commitment (named deliverables).

Commitment 18 — Financial resource mobilisation. Develop a National Financial Resource Mobilisation Strategy, establish the ABS Fund, operationalise FONADEFO, and regulate FONAMA [§245, §260]. Alignment: HIGH. Indicative cost USD 4,000,000. Measurable commitment (named deliverables, 2030). See Finance section for the fund architecture.

Commitment 19 — Biotechnology capacities. Strengthen national biotechnology capacities with emphasis on technology access and transfer [§246, §261]. Alignment: HIGH / MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 3,000,000. Directional aspiration.

Commitment 20 — Data and information. Develop a strategy for reliable data collection and information access, with training of authorities, professionals and the general population [§246, §262]. Alignment: HIGH. Indicative cost USD 2,000,000. Directional aspiration.

Commitment 21 — Women's and girls' leadership. Develop the leadership of women and girls at all levels of biodiversity decision-making, including a preliminary draft law on gender equality in land access and ownership, with an indicator of "at least 20 training sessions delivered for women and girls" [§247, §263]. Alignment: HIGH / MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 5,000,000. Measurable commitment (numeric indicator and draft bill deliverable).

Commitment 22 — Gender and youth inclusion. Implement national policies promoting gender perspectives and/or youth inclusion in community biodiversity activities, respecting the rights, cultures and traditional knowledge of local communities [§248, §263]. Alignment: HIGH / MEDIUM. Indicative cost USD 5,000,000. Directional aspiration.

Sources:

  • §239–§248 — Table 21, National Biodiversity Action Plan 2025–2030
  • §249–§263 — National Targets submitted to the CBD Secretariat

4. Delivery Architecture

Implementation of ENPADIB is led by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forests, Fisheries and the Environment (MAGBPMA), which formulates national environmental policy and coordinates action across government, civil society and the private sector in alignment with the National Development Plan 2035 [§19, §226]. Specialised bodies attached to the Ministry — INCOMA (National Institute for Environmental Conservation) and INDEFOR-AP (National Institute for Forest Development and Management of the Protected Areas System) — hold delegated competencies for conservation and protected-area management [§146].

Legislation and legal framework. Recent instruments include Decree No. 65/2024 of 15 July, adopting the Forest Strategy of Equatorial Guinea to the 2050 horizon [§19, §130], and Law No. 6/2025 of 16 July on Protected Areas in Equatorial Guinea [§19]. Preliminary draft laws currently before Government cover reformulation of Law No. 7/2003 Regulating the Environment and Law No. 1/1997 on the use and management of forests and conservation of flora, a new law on Protection of Wildlife and Regulation of Hunting, and a law on Climate Change and Energy Transition [§19]. ENPADIB commits to drafting a Biodiversity Law, a Climate Change Framework Law, a Cadastre and Land Management Law, a National Biosafety and Biotechnology Law, and a National ABS Law [§19, §175, §243, §244].

Sectoral strategies and plans. Alongside the Forest Strategy 2050, the Ministry is advancing a National Strategy for the Industrialisation of the forestry sector and the Strategy on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Use [§19, §21]. ENPADIB further commits to a National Territorial Planning Plan, a National Environmental Management Plan (PNMMA), a National Plant Genetic Resources System, a National Forest Phylogenetic Resources System (NFPRS), a National Policy for the Restoration of Forest Ecosystems and Landscapes, and a National Strategy for the Restoration of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems [§166, §176, §201, §239, §241].

Protected areas portfolio. The SNAP integrates 16 sites covering 3,149,367 ha — 619,156 ha terrestrial (22.1% of land area) and 2,530,211 ha maritime (8.1%) for a combined 30.1% across IUCN categories I–V [§154]. Components include the Caldera de Luba (62,900 ha) and Playa Nendjy (10,700 ha) Scientific Reserves; the Pico Basilé (33,000 ha), Monte Alén (200,000 ha), Altos de Nsork (72,190 ha), Río Campo (78,349 ha) and Djibloho (65,158 ha) National Parks; the Piedra Beré (20,300 ha) and Piedra Nzás (19,000 ha) Natural Monuments; the Montes Temelón, Punta Ilende, Muni Estuary, Corisco and Elobeyes and Annobón Nature Reserves; and the South of Bioko Island (1,719,000 ha) and West of Corisco Island (683,356 ha) Marine Protected Landscapes [§154]. The country also hosts the UNESCO-designated Bioko Island Biosphere Reserve including a 26,452 ha maritime strip [§154]. A biosphere reserve of approximately 220,054 ha is proposed [§49]. Note: figures in the ecological-context section of the NBSAP report 5,228 km² (19.27%) terrestrial and 730 km² (0.24%) marine coverage [§49]; these do not reconcile with the Table 6 figures cited above [§154].

Multilateral engagements. The country is party to the Paris Agreement (2015) [§17] and ENPADIB commits to accession to the Abidjan Convention on the marine and coastal environment of West and Central Africa, and to the Bamako Convention on transboundary movements of hazardous waste, as well as ratification of the Cartagena Protocol [§239, §244].

Sources:

  • §17, §19, §21 — Legal and institutional framework
  • §49, §154 — Protected area coverage
  • §130 — Forest Strategy 2050
  • §146 — INCOMA, INDEFOR-AP
  • §166, §175, §176, §201, §226, §239, §241, §243, §244 — Sectoral plans and implementing commitments

4a. Gender mainstreaming and the dedicated Gender Action Plan

Gender is woven through ENPADIB at multiple levels. A dedicated Gender Action Plan forms the entire third part of the document, organised around three expected outcomes — equal rights and opportunities for women and girls in biodiversity, gender-responsive decision-making and planning, and enabling conditions for gender-responsive implementation of the Kunming–Montreal Framework — with 2027–2030 timelines and specific deliverables including "at least 1 draft bill on gender equality in land access and ownership in Equatorial Guinea" by 2027 [§147].

Institutional architecture pre-dates ENPADIB. Gender Antennae (Antenas de Género) — sectoral correspondents within the Ministry of Social Affairs and Gender Equality and Handicrafts — were established in 1998 to embed a gender perspective in ministerial policies [§145]. The Presidential Advisory Office on Gender and the National Multisectoral Action Plan adopted by Presidential Decree of 27 May 2002 complete the framework [§145]. Seven institutions are identified as carrying out gender-focused biodiversity work: MAGBPMA, INCOMA, INDEFOR-AP, the Bioko Biodiversity Protection Programme (BBPP), the National University of Equatorial Guinea (UNGE), the Agricultural Training School (ECA), and Sea Turtles of Equatorial Guinea (TOMAGE) [§146].

Two of the 22 national commitments — Commitments 21 and 22 — are explicitly gender and youth focused, each carrying an indicative USD 5,000,000 allocation [§247, §248]. MINASIG, MOP and MAGBPMA are designated as responsible bodies for mobilising resources for the education and capacity-building of women and girls, with a headline indicator of "at least 20 training sessions delivered for women and girls" [§247]. Commitment 22 commits to creating inter-institutional coordination mechanisms through dialogue platforms led by women and young people [§248]. Monitoring indicators include the proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local governments, a national indicator of Gender Action Plan implementation, and disaggregation of positions in legislative, public administration and judicial institutions by sex, age, disability and population groups [§263].

5. Monitoring and Accountability

The 2025–2030 update was carried out through a "planned, participatory, intersectoral and multidisciplinary process" aligned with the KMGBF [§136]. An ad hoc Advisory Committee (Comité Asesor ad hoc) was established as the body for technical and strategic accompaniment, composed of representatives of national institutions with competencies in environmental matters, biodiversity, natural resources, scientific research, sectoral planning and public administration; it provided methodological guidance, validation of partial advances, and review of the final document [§137, §141]. A national workshop in September 2024 validated the document containing the 22 national commitments, which were then submitted to the CBD Secretariat platform [§138]. Consultations were conducted in Malabo and in interior localities, with express promotion of participation by rural communities, independent persons linked to natural-resource use, and traditional leaders [§139].

The Implementation Plan translates strategic guidelines into "concrete results, programmed actions, verifiable indicators, defined timeframes and clearly identified institutional responsibilities" [§222]. Operational principles include political and institutional coherence, inclusive participation, equity (with gender mainstreaming and respect for traditional knowledge), results-based management, and gradualism [§223].

M&E framework. Monitoring is organised through Table 21 (the National Biodiversity Action Plan 2025–2030), which specifies for each of the 22 national commitments: specific/strategic objectives, country-declared degree of alignment (HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW), actions, performance indicators, funding source, responsible body, and indicative budget in USD [§239]. Indicators are mixed quantitative and process-based — "number of management plans updated", "area of ecosystems restored at the national level", "number of SNAP protected areas with respect to the 2025 Protected Areas Law", and "at least one study on economic valuation of ecosystem services" [§239, §241]. Commitment 20 commits to developing data management and information exchange tools and to applying the CBD clearing-house mechanism [§246].

Baseline and diagnostic requirements. Several commitments explicitly require baselines before monitoring can proceed: Commitment 7 (pollutant emissions baseline), Commitment 6 (IAS diagnostic and national mapping), Commitment 2 (national cartographic "red list" of degraded ecosystems), and Commitment 10 (ecological baselines for agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry, plus an updated INDEFOR-AP Land Classification Map) [§239, §240, §241].

Reporting architecture. ENPADIB commits to preparing and validating the Second National Communication on Climate Change for submission to the UNFCCC, and to updating and adopting the Nationally Determined Contributions [§241]. The 22 national commitments have been submitted to the Executive Secretariat of the CBD [§138]. Inter-institutional coordination is explicitly flagged as a source of overlapping functions between MAGBPMA and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development; ENPADIB commits to reviewing, improving and updating these arrangements, and to reactivating CONAMA as an inter-institutional coordination body under Commitment 15 [§229, §230, §244].

Sources:

  • §136–§141 — Preparation process and Advisory Committee
  • §138, §139 — National workshop and social participation
  • §222, §223 — Implementation Plan structure and principles
  • §229, §230, §244 — Inter-institutional coordination and CONAMA
  • §239–§241, §246 — Monitoring framework and baselines

6. Finance and Resource Mobilisation

ENPADIB 2025–2030 presents a preliminary financing architecture anchored in a forthcoming National Financial Resource Mobilisation Strategy (Commitment 18), with indicative cost estimates totalling USD 92,000,000 across the 22 national commitments [§248]. The review and update process itself was financed by the Global Environment Facility, with institutional backing from the Government [§7, §9]. The Ministry is described as operating at "nearly the operational level (national or state budget), which is insufficient and requires additional financing" [§228], and investment in research and development relative to GDP is described as remaining very low with no available data on the share attributable to biodiversity research [§149].

Fund architecture. Three dedicated funds are named, all in preparatory status:

  • FONAMA (Fondo Nacional del Medio Ambiente, the National Environment Fund) — management regulation to be enacted by decree [§245, §261];
  • FONADEFO — to be operationalised with terms of reference fulfilled [§245, §261];
  • ABS Fund — to be established [§245, §261].

A Special Wildlife Conservation Fund is also to be implemented and capitalised [§201].

Largest indicative allocations. Commitment 2 ecosystem restoration (USD 12,000,000), Commitment 12 urban green/blue spaces (USD 10,000,000), Commitment 3 marine SNAP (USD 10,000,000), Commitment 4 species conservation (USD 9,500,000), Commitment 10 territorial planning and climate-sensitive agriculture (USD 7,000,000), and Commitments 1, 11, 21 and 22 at USD 5,000,000 each [§239, §241, §242, §245, §247, §248].

Funding sources. Across budgeted commitments, sources are identified as "Bilateral and Multilateral Government and Cooperation" alongside the "Private sector" [§239–§246]. For Commitment 1, named contributors additionally include oil companies, para-petroleum companies and forestry [§239]. International cooperation is described as coming mainly from United Nations agencies and from foreign cooperation agencies such as USAID; the African Development Bank and the World Bank are identified as among the most viable external credit sources for certain strategies [§238].

Innovative mechanisms. ENPADIB references REDD+ and Payment for Environmental Services as the innovative mechanisms currently most relevant, while noting they "face significant challenges" in the national context [§238]. Commitment 18 also includes ecotourism pilot initiatives as complementary financing sources [§245, §261].

Operational premises. All mobilised resources must support ENPADIB implementation and be framed within the institutional mission; agreements with donors must respect the national legal framework; resources received shall be subject to official monitoring and accounting; and all resource mobilisation actions shall be carried out in a coordinated manner within MAGBPMA [§235]. Commitment 18 is rated HIGH alignment with GBF Target 19 ("key structural target for enabling the implementation of the ENPADIB as a whole") [§261].

Sources:

  • §7, §9 — GEF financing of the update process
  • §149, §228 — Institutional baseline
  • §201, §235, §238, §245, §261 — Funds, sources and mobilisation strategy
  • §239–§248 — Indicative budget lines

7. GBF Target Coverage

GBF Target 1 — Spatial planning. Addressed. National Commitment 1 commits to participatory and integrated spatial planning covering at least 30% of terrestrial and marine ecosystems by 2030 through a National Territorial Planning Plan, a Cadastre and Land Planning Act, and an updated Water and Coastal Law. A Department of Territorial Planning has prepared a specific law in the promulgation phase. The Gender Action Plan adds that at least 25% of the country's cities will have territorial planning plans and 30% of agricultural land will be under sustainable production systems by 2030. Country alignment: HIGH.

GBF Target 2 — Ecosystem restoration. Addressed. National Commitment 2 sets a 20% restoration threshold — explicitly below the global 30%. National Commitment 11 adds a parallel restoration commitment framed around ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions for terrestrial, coastal, marine and riverine ecosystems. Delivery instruments include the SEPAL project, a National Strategy for the Restoration of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, a national "red list" of degraded ecosystems, and planned accession to the Abidjan and Bamako Conventions. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 3 — Protected areas. Addressed. National Commitment 3 commits to expanding the SNAP in marine areas by 2030, with priority for mangroves, wetlands and sensitive marine areas. Table 6 reports the SNAP at 30.1% combined coverage across 16 sites (22.1% terrestrial, 8.1% marine). Implementation is described as already underway, with the 2025 Protected Areas Law providing the legal framework and an updated SNAP Strategic Plan with biological corridors in preparation. Alignment: MEDIUM–HIGH.

GBF Target 4 — Species recovery. Addressed. National Commitment 4 commits to regulated facilities and strengthened protected-area management for wild fauna and flora, with emphasis on threatened species and human–wildlife coexistence. Strategic conservation plans for endangered species, training programmes, and records of human–wildlife conflicts with mitigation measures are specified. The genetic-diversity element of global Target 4 is not explicit in the national commitment text. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 5 — Sustainable harvest. Addressed. National Commitment 5 commits to sustainable, safe and lawful use, harvesting and trade of wild species, applying an ecosystem approach, minimising impacts on non-target species, reducing pathogen spread, and respecting customary practices. Delivery instruments include intercommunication systems between control institutions, updating of the National CITES Law, and a national Flora and Fauna Red List. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 6 — Invasive alien species. Addressed. National Commitment 6 commits, by 2030, to diagnostic studies on IAS distribution, dynamics and impacts and to a national strategic management plan. A National Red List of alien and invasive species is to be created, with GRIIS cited as reference. The global 50% priority-species reduction threshold is not adopted at national level. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 7 — Pollution reduction. Addressed. National Commitment 7 commits by 2030 to a baseline of pollutant emissions, monitoring systems, and mitigation measures. The national framing centres on climate change and deforestation (Framework Law on Climate Change, deforestation/forest-degradation study update) rather than the nutrients/pesticides/plastics typology of global Target 7. Indicative cost USD 2,000,000. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 8 — Climate and biodiversity. Addressed. National Commitment 8 commits by 2030 to the Second National Communication on Climate Change and 80% implementation of ENPADIB, and to updated and adopted NDCs. Delivery includes preparation of National Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies and Plans. Ocean acidification is not mentioned. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 9 — Wild species use. Addressed. National Commitment 9 commits by 2030 to sustainable use and management of wild fauna and flora through management plans in different forest types, with a community-based approach and local-benefits framing. Actions include inventories of flora, fauna, non-timber forest products, medicinal plants and genetic resources, and economic valuation of flora and fauna. Alignment: HIGH.

GBF Target 10 — Agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, forestry. Addressed. National Commitment 10 commits by 2030 to ecological baselines for agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry through a National Territorial Planning Plan and a climate-sensitive agricultural policy. Delivery includes agricultural insurance systems (USD 7,000,000 for at least three sustainable ecological agriculture initiatives), aquaculture zoning, and an updated INDEFOR-AP Land Classification Map. Alignment: LOW.

GBF Target 11 — Ecosystem services / NbS. Addressed. National Commitment 11 commits to restoring degraded terrestrial, coastal, marine and riverine ecosystems through ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions. ENPADIB enumerates the ecosystem services covered — climate regulation, water resource protection, soil fertility, provisioning, and cultural/scientific values. Forest germplasm collection stations and a national germplasm bank are among deliverables. Alignment: HIGH (objectives) / LOW (current capacities).

GBF Target 12 — Urban biodiversity. Addressed. National Commitment 12 commits, by 2030, to 30% of ecological urbanisation projects in cities, municipalities and urban districts prioritising green and blue space incorporation. Deliverables include a national urban planning plan with ecological cities, creation of arboretums, river cleaning/canalisation, and reforestation. Indicative cost USD 10,000,000. Alignment: HIGH (strategic) / LOW (operational).

GBF Target 13 — Genetic resources / ABS. Addressed. National Commitment 13 commits, by 2030, to updating and disseminating the National ABS Strategy, enacting a National ABS Law, creating a National ABS Committee, and explicitly covering digital sequence information. The commitment links to the Nagoya Protocol. Alignment: HIGH (legal/strategic) / MEDIUM (institutional/financial).

GBF Target 14 — Mainstreaming. Addressed. National Commitment 14 commits by 2030 to cross-cutting integration of biodiversity across education, territorial planning, environmental management, sectoral policies and production and consumption practices, including management plans for urban solid and liquid waste in island and coastal zones and analysis of maritime traffic. Alignment: MEDIUM–HIGH.

GBF Target 15 — Business disclosure. Addressed. National Commitment 15 addresses corporate disclosure through legal harmonisation — updating sectoral laws (Forests, Environment, Water and Coasts, Hydrocarbons, CITES), drafting a Biodiversity Law and Climate Change Framework Law, operationalising CONAMA, and conducting a comparative study of legal standards against corporate commitments. Indicators include the number of companies disclosing information on biodiversity-related risks, dependencies and impacts, and the National Ecological Footprint. Alignment: MEDIUM–HIGH.

GBF Target 16 — Sustainable consumption. Addressed. National Commitment 16 commits by 2030 to sustainable consumption alternatives, public policies, education and information access, and positive-incentive and recognition systems for actors that manage biological resources responsibly. National studies on biodiversity use will identify the largest users of biological resources. The global footprint element is reflected through indicators rather than a quantified national reduction target. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 17 — Biosafety. Addressed. National Commitment 17 commits by 2030 to a National Biosafety and Biotechnology Law, an Emergency Measures Plan for biotechnology accidents, a national reference laboratory for detection of modified organisms, a National Biosafety Committee, integration into the CBD Biosafety Clearing-House, and ratification of the Cartagena Protocol (not yet ratified). The NBSAP acknowledges a legal vacuum on modern biotechnology products. Alignment: HIGH.

GBF Target 18 — Harmful subsidies. Mentioned. Harmful-incentive elimination appears only as a bullet within the Resource Mobilisation Strategy — "Eliminate harmful incentives (cease supporting activities that affect biological diversity)" — under the responsibility of MAGBPMA. ENPADIB does not contain a dedicated national commitment for subsidy identification, reform or redirection, and does not adopt a national figure corresponding to the USD 500 billion/year global reduction target.

GBF Target 19 — Finance mobilisation. Addressed. National Commitment 18 commits by 2030 to a National Financial Resource Mobilisation Strategy, establishment of the ABS Fund, operationalisation of FONADEFO, and regulation of FONAMA. The ENPADIB budget envelope totals USD 92,000,000 across the 22 national commitments. Named financiers include UN agencies, USAID, the African Development Bank and the World Bank; named innovative mechanisms include REDD+, PES and Environmental Funds. Ecotourism pilots are also envisaged. Alignment: HIGH.

GBF Target 20 — Capacity and technology. Addressed. National Commitment 19 commits by 2030 to biotechnology capacity-building with emphasis on access and transfer of technologies, including publication and dissemination of biotechnology data, reciprocal access to biodiversity databases with international institutions, and cooperation agreements. The national framing is narrower than the global scope, centred on biotechnology. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 21 — Data and information. Addressed. National Commitment 20 commits by 2030 to an integrated national system of information, education and awareness on biodiversity, including a national biodiversity database, at least two information-collection protocols through inter-institutional agreements, and application of the CBD clearing-house mechanism. Training extends to authorities and technicians in strategic sectors including oil, gas and hydrocarbons. Alignment: HIGH.

GBF Target 22 — Inclusive participation. Addressed. National Commitment 22 commits by 2030 to national policies promoting gender perspectives and youth inclusion in community biodiversity activities, respecting the rights, cultures and traditional knowledge of local communities. Deliverables include inter-institutional coordination mechanisms and dialogue platforms led by women and young people. Dedicated quantified inclusion indicators for Indigenous peoples and local communities specifically are not set out. Alignment: MEDIUM.

GBF Target 23 — Gender equality. Addressed. National Commitment 21 commits by 2030 to strengthening the leadership of women and girls at all levels of biodiversity decision-making, including a preliminary draft law on gender equality in land access and ownership, with an indicator of "at least 20 training sessions delivered for women and girls". Monitoring indicators include the proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local governments and disaggregation of institutional positions by sex, age, disability and population groups. The Gender Action Plan forms the entire third part of ENPADIB. Alignment: MEDIUM.