Czechia

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

Eastern EuropeApplies 2026–2050Source: Strategy for the Protection of Biological Diversity in the Czech Republic for the period 2026–2050

1. Overview

The Strategy for the Protection of Biological Diversity in the Czech Republic for the period 2026–2050 is the Czech Government's principal strategic document for biodiversity, adopted alongside a companion Action Plan for the period 2026–2030 described as "an integral part of the Strategy" [§4, §67]. The Strategy updates the previous Strategy for the Protection of Biological Diversity in the Czech Republic for the period 2016–2025 and the State Programme for Nature and Landscape Protection for 2020–2025 [§4]. It serves as the national framework for implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2030, and the EU Nature Restoration Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1991) [§4].

The Strategy defines ten national commitments* organised under three priority areas, each set at the 2050 horizon. The Action Plan translates each into a corresponding operational national commitment† for 2026–2030, with revision planned at the end of that period [§5, §67]. This dual-horizon architecture — ten long-term objectives paired one-to-one with ten time-bound action goals — is the document's defining structural feature.

The three priority areas are: (1) favourable status of biodiversity, its protection and care (Objectives 1–3); (2) sustainable use and support of all components of biodiversity (Objectives 4–6); and (3) social responsibility for biodiversity conservation (Objectives 7–10) [§5, §67]. The Action Plan specifies measures with assigned deadlines, responsible ministries, and instrument types for each action goal [§68].

Financing assumes approved state budget chapters and existing EU funding levels, with total Action Plan costs estimated at "hundreds of millions of CZK" [§11, §67]. The Strategy commits to developing innovative economic instruments — including nature credits and biodiversity offsets — for implementation by 2030 [§60].

Czechia's NBSAP pairs a 2050 strategy with a five-year action plan in a one-to-one structure across ten national commitments, operationalises the EU Nature Restoration Regulation as a domestic framework, and sets protected area targets of 23% and 6% strict protection by 2030 — framed as contributions to EU-wide achievement of the GBF's 30x30 goal.

Sources:

§4 — Summary of the background to the Strategy
§5 — Structure and organisation of the Strategy
§11 — Financing of the Strategy
§60 — Objective 10 > Description of the objective (Finance)
§67 — Action Plan > Introduction
§68 — Structure of the Action Plan

2. Ecological Context

The Czech Republic's biodiversity spans diverse forests, species-rich meadows and pastures, near-natural watercourses, wetlands, springs, and peat bogs [§35]. Non-forest habitats — particularly open meadows and pastures — are identified as valuable but vulnerable: without regular management, they undergo succession and convert to forest, leading to habitat loss and species decline [§35].

Intensive farming is identified as the most significant long-term constraint on biodiversity [§15, §36]. Traditional farming practices "to which ecosystems had long been adapted, have either been changed or completely abandoned," and the landscape is becoming homogenised through expanding urbanised areas and crop monocultures [§15]. The result is insufficient suitable habitat — diverse forests, landscape features, species-rich meadows, and near-natural watercourses — leading to low species abundance and disconnected populations [§25].

Forest health is described as unfavourable, mainly due to unbalanced species composition and climatic extremes. Although species composition has shifted toward natural composition in recent years, extensive calamity logging has produced an unbalanced age structure, and "the development of the desired spatial structure of forest stands will take at least several more decades" [§36].

Freshwater systems face compounding pressures. Most standing waters have undergone significant chemical changes, with high phosphorus content driving eutrophication [§36]. Watercourses remain fragmented by transverse structures and inappropriate longitudinal modifications, with negative impacts on species dependent on free-flowing water [§25]. Micropollutants — especially pharmaceutical residues acting as endocrine disruptors — pose additional threats to aquatic organisms [§41].

Transport infrastructure, especially the road and rail network, is identified as "a specific and very significant fragmenting factor," with compensatory measures such as ecoducts applied but "often insufficient" in scope and effectiveness [§15]. The Strategy identifies climate change as accelerating and "difficult to predict in terms of further development and impacts," with increasing extremes — prolonged droughts, intensifying heat waves, flash floods, and windstorms — damaging forest stands and other ecosystems [§15, §36]. Invasive alien species, cumulatively with climate change, are identified as a rapidly growing factor displacing native species and causing "not only negative impacts on biodiversity but also huge economic losses" [§20, §40]. Light pollution is separately identified as a growing problem affecting the behaviour and life cycles of insects, birds, and bats [§40].

Sources:

§15 — Favourable status of biodiversity > Pressures and threats
§20 — Pressures and threats (protected areas)
§25 — Pressures and threats (species and habitats)
§35 — Sustainable use and support of all components of biodiversity > Description of the goal
§36 — Sustainable use and support of all components of biodiversity > Pressures and threats
§40 — Sustainable use and support of all components of biodiversity > Description of the objective (Pressures)
§41 — Sustainable use and support of all components of biodiversity > Pressures and threats (climate, PPPs, pollinators)

3. National Commitments and GBF Alignment

The Strategy's ten national commitments span three priority areas. Each 2050 objective is paired with a 2026–2030 action goal containing specific measures, deadlines, and responsible agencies [§67, §68].

Objective 1 — Ecosystem resilience and connectivity

Commits to ensuring the resilience of natural ecosystems through favourable status, sufficient representation, integrity, connectivity, and appropriately tailored care [§13]. The Strategy identifies that existing instruments for general landscape protection — ecological stability systems (ÚSES) and significant landscape elements (VKP) — have been insufficiently applied, with coverage that "is only partial, often does not correspond to the range of individual species" [§14]. Key instruments include revision of the ÚSES methodology (by 2028), a unified public Landscape Register module within ISOP (by 2030), and a comprehensive methodology for Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) (by 2028) [§71, §72]. Addresses GBF Targets 1 and 2.

Measurability: The ÚSES methodology revision by 2028 and the Landscape Register module by 2030 are measurable commitments with defined deliverables and deadlines. The overall objective of favourable status and connectivity is a directional aspiration.

Objective 2 — Protected areas

Commits to 23% of national territory protected through protected areas by 2030 and 6% under strict conservation measures by 2030 [§73]. Protected areas include Natura 2000 sites, nationally designated specially protected areas, and OECMs [§19]. The gap between national targets and the GBF's 30%/10% headline is to be closed through OECMs, framed as a contribution to EU-wide achievement [§19, §73]. Addresses GBF Target 3. OECMs methodology is to be completed by 2028, with a methodology for involving private entities by 2029 [§71].

Measurability: The 23% and 6% area targets are measurable commitments. The OECMs methodology by 2028 is a measurable commitment. Principles for addressing overtourism in protected areas by 2030 is a directional aspiration.

Objective 3 — Species protection

Commits to completing a legislative amendment to Act No. 114/1992 Coll. on nature and landscape protection (2024–25) to update the list of specially protected species, change protection regimes, and develop active species protection tools [§24]. Species protection records are to be available through ISOP by 2027 [§75]. Monitoring will expand beyond species of European importance to include groups such as pollinators, assessed through regularly updated Red Lists [§24]. Addresses GBF Targets 4 and 5.

Measurability: The legislative amendment (2024–25) and ISOP species protection records (by 2027) are measurable commitments. A genetic diversity monitoring system is a directional aspiration — no defined species list, timeline, or threshold.

Objective 4 — Ecosystem restoration

Frames restoration as a shift from protection to active intervention, anchored in the EU Nature Restoration Regulation [§30]. The National Nature Restoration Plan is to be prepared with milestones in 2030, 2040, and 2050 [§30]. Commits to increasing free-flowing river length by at least 200 km compared to 2020, through systematic removal of obstacles in accordance with the Concept for Improving the Passability of the Czech River Network [§72]. Minimum residual flows are to be established by Government Regulation by 2030 [§72]. Addresses GBF Target 2.

Measurability: The 200 km free-flowing rivers target and the minimum residual flows regulation by 2030 are measurable commitments. The National Nature Restoration Plan preparation is a measurable commitment (milestones at 2030/2040/2050). Overall restoration of degraded ecosystems is a directional aspiration, deferred to NRR indicators.

Objective 5 — Sustainable management

Covers agricultural, forest, freshwater, and urban ecosystems [§35]. For forests, the Action Plan sets annual targets: restoration of habitat-suitable tree species at 7,500 ha/year, silvicultural interventions at 20,000 ha/year, and financial support for habitat-suitable tree species restoration at 700 million CZK/year [§75]. A compensation system for non-production functions of fish ponds is to be established by 2028 [§75]. Addresses GBF Targets 10 and 12.

Measurability: The forest annual rates (7,500 ha/year, 20,000 ha/year, 700 million CZK/year) and the fish pond compensation system by 2028 are measurable commitments. These forest targets lack stated baselines or cumulative totals. Sustainable farming practices generally is a directional aspiration.

Objective 6 — Pressures and threats

Addresses climate change, land use change, pollution, pollinator decline, and invasive alien species [§40]. Commits to securing IAS financial resources by 2027 and creating the INVAHUB central database of non-native organisms [§76]. A Strategy for the Protection of Pollinators is to be adopted by 2027 [§75]. A unified methodology for reducing light pollution is to be developed by 2030 involving five ministries [§76]. Addresses GBF Targets 6, 7, and 8.

Measurability: The IAS financial resources by 2027, INVAHUB database, pollinator protection strategy by 2027, and light pollution methodology by 2030 are measurable commitments. Pesticide reduction is a directional aspiration — no national quantified reduction target; deferred to the National Action Plan for the Safe Use of Pesticides 2025–2029.

Objective 7 — Public awareness

The Strategy states that public involvement has been "gradually declining over the last three decades" and identifies communication as "a weak and underestimated element of nature conservation" [§46]. It attributes this partly to visible improvements in air and water quality since 1989 leading to a "mistaken impression that the state of the environment is now satisfactory," while biodiversity loss remains outside the public spotlight [§46]. A communication strategy for the Nature Restoration Regulation is to be created by 2027 [§75]. Addresses GBF Target 22 (partially).

Measurability: The NRR communication strategy by 2027 is a measurable commitment. Increased public engagement generally is a directional aspiration.

Objective 8 — Research and knowledge

Commits to establishing the National Platform for Ecosystem Services (NPES) with annual meetings by 2030, and developing ecosystem accounting within SEEA-EA by 2030 [§51, §76]. Pilot testing of ecosystem service valuation in decision-making processes is planned [§76]. Addresses GBF Targets 11 and 21.

Measurability: The NPES functioning by 2030 and SEEA-EA ecosystem accounting by 2030 are measurable commitments. Pilot ecosystem service valuation in "selected processes" is a directional aspiration — undefined scope.

Objective 9 — International cooperation

The Strategy acknowledges that "internal capacities for their implementation often do not correspond to the scope of commitments, which leads to insufficient fulfilment of certain obligations" [§56]. Commits to ratification of the BBNJ Agreement by 2027 and GBIF membership by 2030 [§77, §78]. Addresses GBF Targets 13 and 20.

Measurability: BBNJ ratification by 2027 and GBIF membership by 2030 are measurable commitments. Capacity for international commitments generally is a directional aspiration.

Objective 10 — Finance

Commits to developing nature credits methodology by 2028 with implementation by 2030, creating a private sector connection mechanism by 2029, and completing an overview analysis of NRR economic instruments by 2026 [§60, §80, §82, §83]. Addresses GBF Target 19.

Measurability: The nature credits methodology by 2028, private sector mechanism by 2029, and NRR economic instruments analysis by 2026 are measurable commitments. Overall budget adequacy ("hundreds of millions of CZK") is a directional aspiration — no specific total figure, per-objective allocation, or baseline.

Sources:

§13–§14 — Favourable status of biodiversity > Description of the objective
§19 — Protected areas > Description of the objective
§24 — Species protection > Description of the objective
§30 — Ecosystem restoration > Description of the objective
§35 — Sustainable use > Description of the goal
§40 — Pressures and threats > Description of the objective
§46 — Social responsibility > Description of the objective
§51 — Research > Description of the objective
§56 — International cooperation > Description of the objective
§60 — Finance > Description of the objective
§67–§68 — Action Plan > Introduction and Structure
§71–§83 — Action objectives until 2030

4. Delivery Architecture

Governance and coordination

The Ministry of the Environment holds principal responsibility for Strategy implementation and monitoring [§10]. One dedicated position within the relevant department coordinates Action Plan implementation, including ongoing and final evaluation [§69]. An interministerial coordination group, meeting at least annually, maintains communication with individual measure managers and evaluates progress [§10, §69]. Broader coordination uses existing mechanisms including the Government Council for Sustainable Development and the National Platform for Ecosystem Services [§3].

Implementation structure

The Action Plan assigns management responsibility for individual measures primarily to ministries, with selected measures delegated to the Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Republic (AOPK ČR) [§68]. Each measure specifies the activity, responsible manager, cooperating manager, method of implementation or indicator, and deadline year. Instrument categories include legislative, organisational, methodological, scientific, economic, strategic, information, educational, and awareness-raising [§68].

Key legislation and programmes

Primary legislation includes Act No. 114/1992 Coll. on nature and landscape protection (undergoing amendment), Act No. 289/1995 Coll. on forests (effective from 1 January 2026), Act No. 254/2001 Coll. on waters, and Act No. 334/1992 Coll. on the protection of agricultural land [§24, §37]. The Concept of Active Species Protection Tools in the Czech Republic 2023–2032 governs rescue programmes and care programmes for endangered species [§75]. The National Strategy for Addressing the Illegal Killing and Poisoning of Wild Animals 2020–2030 addresses wildlife crime [§75].

Information systems

The Nature Conservation Information System (ISOP), administered by AOPK ČR, serves as the central data infrastructure — encompassing species occurrence data (NDOP), biotope mapping, the planned Landscape Register, and a nature restoration area database [§18, §39, §52]. The Strategy identifies unification of data collection as incomplete, noting that "the problem is the project-based financing of most monitoring" [§52].

Sources:

§3 — Introduction
§10 — Evaluation of the Strategy
§18 — Favourable status of biodiversity > Assessment options
§37 — Sustainable use > Current (Tools)
§39 — Sustainable use > Evaluation options
§52 — Research > Pressures and threats
§68 — Structure of the Action Plan
§69 — Evaluation of the implementation of the Action Plan
§75 — Action objectives until 2030 (table block 5/13)

4a. The EU Nature Restoration Regulation as a Domestic Framework

The Strategy does not merely reference the EU Nature Restoration Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1991) — it redefines itself as the national framework for the Regulation's implementation [§4]. This makes the NRR a structural pillar of the NBSAP, driving planning obligations, financing provisions, and cross-sectoral integration requirements.

The principal implementing instrument is the National Nature Restoration Plan, to be prepared through a participatory process with specific milestones in 2030, 2040, and 2050 [§30]. The Action Plan requires integration of the Plan into spatial planning, water planning (by 2027), the Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy (by 2028), and national forestry strategic documents (by 2030) [§75]. A national database of nature restoration areas, linked to the ISOP register, is to record and monitor restoration progress [§33].

The NRR is the only area where the Strategy's otherwise firm budget-neutrality constraint is relaxed. The Strategy acknowledges that additional state budget requirements "may be necessary in several areas (e.g. implementation of the Nature Restoration Regulation)" [§60]. An overview analysis of financial and other economic instruments for NRR implementation is to be completed by 2026, with conditions for private sector involvement in nature restoration created by 2027 [§82]. The NRR also triggers a dedicated public communication strategy, to be prepared by 2027 [§75].

Restoration indicators are to be specified at EU level under the Regulation and evaluated using the ISOP nature restoration area database [§34]. The Strategy's restoration commitments — including the 200 km free-flowing rivers target, minimum residual flow regulations, and forest restoration annual rates — are framed as contributions to NRR implementation.

Sources:

§4 — Summary of the background to the Strategy
§30 — Ecosystem restoration > Description of the objective
§33 — New (restoration database)
§34 — Sustainable use > Evaluation options
§60 — Finance > Description of the objective
§75 — Action objectives until 2030 (table block 5/13)
§82 — Action objectives until 2030 (table block 12/13)

5. Monitoring and Accountability

Evaluation architecture

The monitoring framework operates at two levels using distinct approaches.

Strategy-level evaluation relies on comparison of Reports on the State of Nature and the Landscape, to be prepared in 2028, 2038, and 2048 with consistent content structure and monitored parameters [§10]. Given "the high degree of generality of the long-term objectives," the Strategy states that ongoing evaluation using partial indicators is not feasible; these reports serve "primarily to monitor the overall trend in the development of biodiversity and its protection" [§10]. GBF indicators are also to be used for interim evaluation [§10].

Action Plan evaluation is based on reporting from individual measure managers at regular intervals [§69]. The overall evaluation of Action Plan objectives is to be presented within the 2028 Report where possible, and the findings — together with subsequent evaluation — are to provide "one of the basic starting points for the revision and update of the Action Plan in 2030" [§69].

Indicator framework

The Strategy specifies indicators across its ten objectives, including: EU reporting obligations under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive and Article 12 of the Birds Directive; the common bird species index (42 species representing 95% of nesting birds); agricultural landscape bird and grassland butterfly indices; Red Lists based on IUCN criteria; protected area coverage and management effectiveness; landscape and habitat indicators including ÚSES quality and National Forest Inventory data; water body status assessments; NDOP data volumes; financial resource indicators; and public awareness surveys [§18, §23, §28, §34, §39, §44, §50, §55, §64, §74].

Species monitoring is to extend beyond species of European importance to additional groups, including pollinators, by 2029 [§74]. A separate Report on the State of Biodiversity is to be prepared by AOPK ČR by 2028, distinct from the broader State of Nature and Landscape reports [§75].

International reporting

The Strategy identifies fulfilment of multilateral environmental agreement obligations as an ongoing requirement, acknowledging that "internal capacities for their implementation often do not correspond to the scope of commitments" [§56].

Sources:

§10 — Evaluation of the Strategy
§18, §23, §28, §34, §39, §44 — Assessment and evaluation options (various sections)
§50 — Evaluation options (public)
§55 — Evaluation options (research)
§56 — International cooperation > Description of the objective
§64 — Evaluation options (finance)
§69 — Evaluation of the implementation of the Action Plan
§74 — Action objectives until 2030 (table block 4/13)
§75 — Action objectives until 2030 (table block 5/13)

6. Finance and Resource Mobilisation

The Strategy commits to multi-source financing from the state budget, ministerial chapters, and European funds [§11]. The total cost of implementing the Action Plan is estimated at "hundreds of millions of CZK" for the period up to 2030, to be provided within approved budgets "without additional requirements on the state budget and without increasing the amount of funds for salaries and the number of positions" [§11]. No disaggregated budget, per-objective allocation, or comparison to current spending levels is provided.

Domestic public sources include the Landscape Care Programme (PPK), the Nature Restoration Programme (POP), the National Environment Programme (NPŽP), and regional budgets [§80, §82]. European instruments include the Operational Programme Environment (OPŽP), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the LIFE programme, OP Just Transition, OP Transport, OP Fisheries, and the Integrated Regional Operational Programme [§60, §80, §82]. The Strategy commits to securing biodiversity funding in the EU programming period 2028+, while noting that "it is not yet possible to fully anticipate the structure and form of funds, programmes and other resources for the next period" [§11, §80].

For innovative instruments, the Strategy commits to pilot introduction of ecological compensation and certified nature credits (biodiversity offsets), with methodology by 2028 and implementation by 2030 [§80]. A mechanism to connect private sector resources with biodiversity projects is to be created by 2029 [§83]. Tax relief for landowners with conservation easements and public-private partnerships are identified for development [§60].

The Strategy identifies harmful subsidies as a pressure — noting that public budget support "primarily at achieving production and economic effects may lead to the maintenance of an inappropriate ownership structure of farmed land and the continuing loss and degradation of natural habitats" [§15, §25] — but sets no identification, reform, or phase-out mechanism.

Sources:

§11 — Financing of the Strategy
§15, §25 — Pressures and threats (subsidies)
§60 — Finance > Description of the objective
§80 — Action objectives until 2030 (table block 10/13)
§82 — Action objectives until 2030 (table block 12/13)
§83 — Action objectives until 2030 (table block 13/13)

7. GBF Target Coverage

Target 1: Spatial planning — Addressed

The Strategy commits to integrating protected areas and green infrastructure into spatial planning through multiple instruments. A comprehensive OECMs methodology is to be prepared by 2028, with introduction through inter-ministerial agreements and an implementing decree by 2030. Spatial analysis data is to be incorporated into landscape-use planning for strategically important infrastructure. Green infrastructure is to be systematically incorporated into spatial planning documentation as part of the recodification of spatial planning by 2030. Indicators include the quality and extent of ÚSES and the proportion of functional VKP components.

Target 2: Ecosystem restoration — Addressed

The Strategy commits to increasing free-flowing river length by at least 200 km compared to 2020, through systematic removal of obstacles in accordance with the Concept for Improving the Passability of the Czech River Network. Minimum residual flows are to be established by Government Regulation by 2030. The National Nature Restoration Plan provides the central implementation framework, with milestones at 2030, 2040, and 2050, and integration into spatial, water, agricultural, and forestry planning by specific deadlines. Forest restoration targets include 7,500 ha/year of habitat-suitable tree species and 20,000 ha/year of silvicultural interventions. Restoration indicators are specified at EU level under the Nature Restoration Regulation.

Target 3: Protected areas (30x30) — Addressed

The Strategy sets a target of 23% of national territory protected by 2030 and 6% under strict conservation measures by 2030. Protected areas include Natura 2000, nationally designated areas, and OECMs. The national targets are below the GBF's 30%/10% targets; the gap is to be closed through OECMs, framed as a contribution to EU-wide achievement. Measures include proposals for new protected landscape areas, Natura 2000 network optimisation, and state land consolidation in protected areas by 2026. Indicators include protected area coverage and management effectiveness through adaptive management cycles.

Target 4: Species recovery — Addressed

The Strategy commits to legislative amendment of Act No. 114/1992 Coll. (2024–25) to update the list of specially protected species and develop active species protection tools. The Concept of Active Species Protection Tools 2023–2032 provides the implementation framework for rescue programmes, care programmes, and regional action plans. Species protection records are to be available through ISOP by 2027. Genetic diversity monitoring is planned for specific species groups including insects and fungi. Indicators include Article 17 Habitats Directive and Article 12 Birds Directive reporting, Red Lists, and the common bird species index.

Target 5: Sustainable harvest — Mentioned

The Strategy addresses trade in endangered species through CITES implementation, committing to amend legislation to strengthen law enforcement and provide financial support for CITES Rescue Centres. It does not address broader sustainable harvesting or overexploitation of wild species beyond the CITES enforcement context.

Target 6: Invasive alien species — Addressed

The Strategy commits to regulating and eradicating IAS using methods based on current scientific knowledge, ensuring available data on IAS occurrence, and limiting unintentional spread. A central database of non-native organisms (INVAHUB) is to be created. A first-response site operated by AOPK ČR is to address newly spreading IAS. The Action Plan for Addressing Priority Methods of Spread is to be implemented by 2028. Financial resources for IAS regulation and eradication are to be secured by 2027. The Strategy links increased IAS spread risk to climate change.

Target 7: Pollution reduction — Mentioned

The Strategy identifies plant protection products, light pollution, and micropollutants as pressures on biodiversity but does not set quantified reduction targets for any pollutant category. Light pollution is addressed with a dedicated five-ministry methodology by 2030 and subsidy support for municipal lighting modernisation. Pesticide reduction is deferred to the National Action Plan for the Safe Use of Pesticides 2025–2029.

Target 8: Climate and biodiversity — Mentioned

Climate change is identified as a cross-cutting pressure throughout the Strategy, with increasing extremes damaging ecosystems and enabling IAS spread. The Strategy states that adaptation activities should maximise synergies with biodiversity conservation through nature-based solutions. However, the Action Plan contains no dedicated climate-biodiversity measures; adaptation is addressed through sectoral strategies.

Target 9: Wild species use — Not identified

Content addressing GBF Target 9 was not identified in this NBSAP.

Target 10: Agriculture / forestry — Addressed

The Strategy addresses sustainable management across agricultural and forest ecosystems under Objective 5. Agricultural commitments include support for environmentally friendly farming, habitat and species protection, soil degradation prevention, and genetic resource protection through CAP interventions. Forest commitments include quantified annual rates (7,500 ha/year restoration, 20,000 ha/year silvicultural interventions, 700 million CZK/year support), alternative management methods including non-clear-cutting, and legislation to balance forest ecosystems and game populations. The Strategy takes into account food security and agricultural sector competitiveness.

Target 11: Ecosystem services (NbS) — Addressed

The Strategy designates the National Platform for Ecosystem Services as a permanent inter-ministerial interface between science and policy. Pilot testing of ecosystem service assessment methodologies in decision-making processes is planned by 2030. Development of ecosystem accounting within SEEA-EA is committed to by 2030, with Czech Statistical Office involvement. Nature-based solutions are referenced in the context of climate adaptation and urban planning. Ecosystem service valuation is framed as a complementary rather than primary decision-making tool.

Target 12: Urban biodiversity — Addressed

The Strategy commits to supporting biodiversity in urbanised areas through green-blue infrastructure development, creation of sites with targeted higher biodiversity within municipal greenery, and reduction of light pollution. Recommendations for nature-based approaches to urban planning and management are to be formulated by 2030. Multiple funding streams are identified including municipal budgets, state programmes, and European funds.

Target 13: Genetic resources / ABS — Addressed

The Strategy commits to implementing obligations under the CBD, Nagoya Protocol, Regulation (EU) No. 511/2014, and the ITPGRFA. Users of genetic resources and digital sequence information (DSI/GSD) are to be informed of ABS obligations under Act No. 93/2018 Coll. International ex situ conservation of rare gene pool items is to be supported on a reciprocity basis by 2030.

Target 14: Mainstreaming — Addressed

The Strategy commits to deeper integration of nature conservation with spatial planning, transport, agriculture, forestry, and water management. Coordination uses the Government Council for Sustainable Development and the National Platform for Ecosystem Services. Ecosystem service valuation is to be piloted as a complementary tool in public sector decision-making, including development of a concept for its use in agricultural, forestry, and water management planning by 2030.

Target 15: Business disclosure — Not identified

Content addressing GBF Target 15 was not identified in this NBSAP.

Target 16: Sustainable consumption — Not identified

Content addressing GBF Target 16 was not identified in this NBSAP.

Target 17: Biosafety — Not identified

Content addressing GBF Target 17 was not identified in this NBSAP.

Target 18: Harmful subsidies — Mentioned

The Strategy identifies inappropriate state subsidy policy as a threat to biodiversity, noting that targeting public support primarily at production and economic effects may maintain inappropriate ownership structures and continue habitat degradation. The financing chapter references the polluter pays principle and environmental integrity standards. However, the Strategy does not commit to identifying, reforming, or eliminating specific biodiversity-harmful subsidies.

Target 19: Finance mobilisation — Addressed

The Strategy contains a dedicated financing section and four financial action objectives covering all Action Plan areas. Total implementation cost is estimated at hundreds of millions of CZK from state budgets and EU funds. Innovative instruments include nature credits (methodology by 2028, implementation by 2030), a private sector connection mechanism (by 2029), and an overview analysis of NRR economic instruments (by 2026). No specific total budget figure beyond the estimate is provided.

Target 20: Capacity and technology — Addressed

The Strategy addresses capacity through multiple objectives. GBIF membership is to be secured by 2030 for mutual biodiversity data sharing. Applied research is supported through the TAČR Environment for Life 2 Programme. Training for government employees and agricultural advisory services is to be resourced. Integration of biodiversity topics into formal education is committed to. The Czech Republic's development cooperation explicitly includes biodiversity in target countries. European Space Agency data is to be used for monitoring harmonisation.

Target 21: Data and information — Addressed

The NDOP serves as the central repository for species occurrence data within the ISOP system administered by AOPK ČR. A Landscape Register module is to create a unified public register of green infrastructure elements by 2030. Species protection processes are to be digitised for transparency and cumulative impact assessment. Established indicators include Article 17/12 reporting, Red Lists, the common bird species index (42 species), and National Forest Inventory data. GBIF membership by 2030 enables international data interoperability.

Target 22: Inclusive participation — Mentioned

The Strategy references public involvement and participation of diverse actors, including support for NGO projects, citizen science, and a methodology for involving private entities and civic initiatives in conservation through OECMs by 2029. However, it does not include specific provisions for the participation of indigenous peoples and local communities, women, youth, or other demographic groups in biodiversity governance.

Target 23: Gender equality — Not identified

Content addressing GBF Target 23 was not identified in this NBSAP.