Chile

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

Latin America and the CaribbeanApplies 2025–2030Source: National Biodiversity Strategy 2025–2030

Translated from Spanish

1. Overview

Chile's National Biodiversity Strategy 2025–2030 (Estrategia Nacional de Biodiversidad) updates the country's previous strategy (2017–2030) to align with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The revision was led by the Ministry of the Environment (MMA) beginning in 2023 and builds on Chile's first National Biodiversity Strategy, adopted in 2003 [§11].

The Strategy is organised around five objectives containing 39 national commitments*Chile's NBSAP calls these "national targets" (metas nacionales), numbered within each objective (e.g., I.1, II.14). This page uses "national commitment" to avoid confusion with the 23 GBF Targets. Chile's five "Objectives" (Objetivos) are thematic groupings of national commitments, not equivalent to the four GBF Goals (A–D). across 20 thematic areas, with an implementation period running from 2025 to 2030 [§11]. Rather than mirroring the GBF's 23-target structure, Chile groups its commitments under thematic objectives: protecting, conserving, and restoring biodiversity (Objective I, 13 commitments); sustainable use and benefit-sharing for people (Objective II, 13 commitments); benefit-sharing from genetic resources (Objective III, 3 commitments); financing, capacity and governance (Objective IV, 4 commitments); and knowledge, participation and access to information (Objective V, 3 commitments). Three commitment numbers (II.21, IV.31, IV.36) do not appear in the source material.

The Strategy's institutional centrepiece is Law 21,600 (2023), which creates the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Service (SBAP) — the primary delivery vehicle for most conservation commitments — scheduled to begin operations in February 2026 and assume management of the National System of Protected Areas in March 2027 [§16, §21]. The update process involved the National Biodiversity Operational Committee (CONB), encompassing 37 public services, alongside workshops with civil society, academia, and indigenous peoples [§11, §27].

Chile's strategy deploys 39 national commitments — approximately 21 with measurable thresholds and 18 framed as directional aspirations — anchored to a new institutional architecture (SBAP) that does not yet exist operationally. The measurable commitments are concentrated in the conservation and sustainable-use agendas, while the benefit-sharing, governance, and knowledge objectives rely primarily on diagnostic exercises and process initiations.

Sources:

  • §11 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Executive Summary
  • §16 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 2.2. National Context
  • §21 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 3.5. Progress and challenges of the 2017 NBS
  • §27 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > Tools and solutions for implementation

2. Ecological Context

Chile is an eminently mountainous country, with at least 63.8% of its territory classified as mountains [§19]. Mountain ecosystems provide water and other ecosystem services and are identified as particularly vulnerable to climate change while holding potential as climate refugia [§19].

The sclerophyllous forests and shrublands of central Chile provide at least 19 ecosystem services spanning provisioning, regulating, and cultural functions [§19]. Peatlands, though covering a small fraction of national territory, capture and retain 4.7 times the carbon contained in all of Chile's forests — a fact that prompted a dedicated Peatland Protection Law (Law 21,660, 2024), designating peatlands as strategic reserves for climate mitigation, water regulation, and biodiversity conservation [§19].

The NBSAP identifies five principal threats acting synergistically: habitat loss and degradation (native forests replaced by agriculture, forestry plantations, and urban development; wetlands by urban development); pollution from pesticides, fertilisers, plastics, and residential discharges; overexploitation of marine pelagic and benthic resources; invasive alien species (1,170 recorded, including beaver, red deer, mink, yellowjacket wasp, rabbit, blackberry, and acacia); and climate change, which exacerbates all others [§18].

Climate change accelerates desertification, with 23% of national territory currently at risk, particularly in the central zone [§19]. Following the 2017 forest fires, nearly 40% of critically endangered habitats suffered significant damage [§19]. A high percentage of terrestrial and continental freshwater ecosystems are threatened, under anthropogenic pressures, or classified as highly vulnerable to climate change, and the number of ecosystems in some threat category is increasing [§19].

Sources:

  • §18 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 3.2. Pressures and Threats to Biodiversity
  • §19 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 3.3. Climate Change and Biodiversity

3. National Commitments and GBF Alignment

Objective I: Protect, conserve and restore biodiversity

Objective I contains 13 national commitments seeking to "consolidate a network of healthy, functional and connected ecosystems" [§43].

Protected areas and conservation (I.1, I.2, I.3). Commitment I.1 adopts the 30×30 target: at least 30% of terrestrial, marine-coastal, and inland water areas protected by 2030. According to the 2024 OECD Environmental Performance Review, 42% of the Exclusive Economic Zone and 22% of terrestrial area are already protected [§15]. Commitment I.2 requires 100% of state protected areas within the National System to have management plans in development, approved, or in implementation, and 10% of national terrestrial territory to have effective management — defined as having a Consultative Council, approved Management Plan, adequate park rangers, and at least one monitoring system — by 2030. Commitment I.3 sets a 2026 deadline for recognising 14,000–17,000 hectares of wetlands as protected Urban Wetlands under Law 21,202 (2020), for incorporation into territorial planning instruments. All three are measurable commitments. Maps to GBF Targets 3 and 12. Key instruments: SBAP (Law 21,600), National Wetland Protection Plan, National Protected Areas Action Policy.

Species conservation and genetic diversity (I.4, I.5, I.6, I.11). Four commitments address species classification, recovery planning, and ex situ conservation. I.4 requires species classified by conservation status (RCE) to increase by at least 30% relative to 2023; I.6 requires species with a RECOGE plan† to increase by at least 50% relative to 2023; I.5 requires at least 50% of planned RECOGE activities achieved; and I.11 requires genetic material of at least 50% of threatened native flora conserved in germplasm banks by 2030. All four are measurable commitments, though 2023 baseline figures are not provided. Maps to GBF Target 4. Key instrument: RECOGE plans.

†RECOGE: Planes de Recuperación, Conservación y Gestión de Especies — Species Recovery, Conservation and Management Plans.

Ecosystem inventory (I.7). An inventory of terrestrial, marine, and inland water ecosystems housed in the biodiversity information system by 2030. Directional aspiration — binary deliverable without quantitative threshold for completeness. Maps to GBF Target 21.

Landscape restoration (I.8, I.9). Two distinct restoration commitments: I.8 targets 1 million hectares incorporated into the National Landscape Restoration Plan by 2030; I.9 requires 30% of areas declared degraded under Law 21,600 (SBAP) to have initiated ecological restoration by 2030. Both are measurable commitments, though I.9's denominator depends on how many areas are declared degraded. Maps to GBF Target 2.

Spatial planning (I.10). All regions have ecological planning by 2030. Measurable commitment (universal coverage, deadline). Maps to GBF Target 1.

Invasive alien species (I.12, I.13). I.12 requires at least 14 management, control, or eradication plans for invasive alien species by 2030. I.13 requires actions to address free-roaming domestic animals in at least 30% of affected protected areas and buffer zones by 2030 — separating domestic animal impacts from IAS sensu stricto. Both are measurable commitments. Maps to GBF Target 6.

Objective II: Sustainable use and benefit-sharing for people

Objective II contains 13 national commitments addressing nature's contributions to people, incentive reform, pollution reduction, and business engagement [§46].

Incentive reform (II.14, II.15). Chile separates harmful incentive reduction from positive incentive creation into two distinct commitments, each following a diagnosis-then-report timeline: diagnosis and sectoral commitment proposals by 2027, reports on adopted measures by 2029. Both are directional aspirations — they commit to producing diagnoses and reports but defer the substance to those exercises. Maps to GBF Target 18.

Nature-based solutions and ecosystem services (II.16, II.17, II.26). II.16 requires at least 30% of approved strategic water resource plans in prioritised basins (PERHC) to include nature-based solutions by 2030 (measurable commitment). II.17 requires at least five economic instruments promoting nature's contributions to people designed and implemented by 2028 (measurable commitment). II.26 provides for a natural capital information tool by 2030 (directional aspiration). Maps to GBF Targets 11 and 14.

Urban greening (II.18). Green infrastructure development in at least four cities by 2028 under the National Urban Green Infrastructure Strategy. Measurable commitment. Maps to GBF Target 12.

Climate adaptation (II.19). 100% of measures in the Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Biodiversity 2025–2029 implemented by 2030. Measurable commitment, though the plan's specific measures are not enumerated in the NBSAP. Maps to GBF Target 8.

Mainstreaming and business disclosure (II.20, II.22). Public sector NBS reporting begins from 2027 (directional aspiration — no threshold for coverage or frequency). The Pilot Business Action Plan for Biodiversity requires voluntary corporate adoption of internationally recognised biodiversity disclosure standards by 2027 (directional aspiration — voluntary participation, no threshold for number of companies). Maps to GBF Targets 14 and 15.

Pollution reduction (II.23, II.24, II.25). II.23 requires at least 3 new environmental quality standards by 2027 and 4 new standard/plan processes by 2030 (measurable commitment). II.24 addresses contaminated site instruments (directional aspiration). II.25 targets aquatic ecosystem regulation and eutrophication reduction (directional aspiration). Maps to GBF Target 7.

Sustainable consumption (II.27). An organic waste valorisation law by 2027. Measurable commitment (a law either exists or does not). Maps to GBF Target 16.

Objective III: Benefit-sharing from genetic resources

Three commitments set out a phased roadmap toward Nagoya Protocol ratification [§50]. III.28 initiates national ABS discussion by 2026 to produce a legal framework proposal (directional aspiration). III.29 commits to ratifying the Nagoya Protocol and beginning implementation by 2030 (measurable commitment). III.30 promotes traditional knowledge and evaluates its integration into management instruments by 2030 (directional aspiration). Chile has not yet ratified the Nagoya Protocol, placing the entire Objective III benefit-sharing agenda at a pre-legislative stage. Maps to GBF Target 13.

Objective IV: Financing, capacity and governance

Four commitments address enabling conditions [§53]. IV.32 strengthens capacity-building modalities by 2028, including through the Escazú Agreement (directional aspiration). IV.33 strengthens public professional capacities from 2026 (directional aspiration). IV.34 requires Regional Wetland Committees in all regions by 2030 (measurable commitment). IV.35 provides for a diagnosis of biotechnology risks and benefits by 2030 (directional aspiration). Maps to GBF Targets 3, 17, 19, and 20.

Objective V: Knowledge, participation and access to information

Three commitments address information and participation [§55]. V.37 initiates a national Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services Assessment by 2027 (directional aspiration). V.38 completes the design and begins implementation of a communication plan by 2026 (directional aspiration). V.39 addresses participation mechanisms with a gender perspective and consideration of indigenous peoples, with parity in decision-making roles by 2030 (directional aspiration). Maps to GBF Targets 21, 22, and 23.

Sources:

  • §15 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  • §25 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > Priority areas
  • §43 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objectives and Targets (Objective I description)
  • §44 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective I National Targets
  • §46 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective II description
  • §47 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective II National Targets
  • §50 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective III description
  • §51 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective III National Targets
  • §53 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective IV description
  • §54 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective IV National Targets
  • §55 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective V description
  • §56 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective V National Targets

4. Delivery Architecture

Chile's delivery architecture combines recent legislation, pre-existing sectoral strategies, and new institutional mechanisms.

Legislation

Law 21,600 (2023) creates the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Service (SBAP) and the National System of Protected Areas, with powers including declaration of degraded areas and ecological restoration. Law 21,202 (2020) on Urban Wetlands provides the legal basis for recognising wetland ecosystems within urban boundaries as protected areas. Law 21,660 (2024) on Peatland Protection designates peatlands as strategic reserves for climate mitigation and adaptation. Law 21,455 (2022), the Framework Law on Climate Change, establishes governance instruments for carbon neutrality and climate resilience by 2050, requiring sectoral climate change plans. Law 21,368 (2021) on Single-Use Plastics and Law 21,435 (2022) reforming the Water Code complement the pollution reduction agenda [§16, §21].

Strategies and programmes

The National Landscape Restoration Plan frames the 1 million-hectare restoration target. The Long-Term Climate Strategy (2021, under update) sets six biodiversity objectives. The Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Biodiversity (updated 2023, approved 2024) anchors commitment II.19. The National Urban Green Infrastructure Strategy frames urban greening commitments. The Agri-food Sustainability Strategy is the most cross-cutting sectoral instrument, linked to seven GBF Targets [§62]. The National Ocean Policy (2018) and National Ocean Programme (2023) address marine conservation and sustainable use [§21].

Finance and mainstreaming mechanisms

The Chile Nature Fund (Fondo Naturaleza Chile), formalised in 2022, is a public-private entity mobilising financing for conservation, particularly for protected areas [§21]. The Natural Capital Committee, created in 2023, brings together the Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economy, the Central Bank, and the National Council for Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation — an unusual level of finance-sector institutional engagement in biodiversity governance [§16]. The Committee for Environmentally Sustainable Financial Strategy (2023), led by the Ministry of Finance through its Green Finance Office, addresses sustainable finance at national level [§21].

Participation and rights

Chile ratified the Escazú Agreement in 2022 and approved its Participatory National Implementation Plan for Escazú 2024–2030 in 2024 [§21]. Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is recognised through ILO Convention 169 [§16].

Sources:

  • §16 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 2.2. National Context
  • §21 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 3.5. Progress and challenges of the 2017 NBS
  • §62 — Prioritised Public Policy Instruments related to the Kunming-Montreal Global Framework (Annex 3)

4a. Chile's institutional transition: SBAP and the new protected areas system

The Biodiversity and Protected Areas Service (SBAP), created by Law 21,600 (2023), is not a single instrument but the institutional architecture through which most Objective I commitments will be delivered. SBAP is the entity that will manage the National System of Protected Areas, declare areas as degraded for restoration under commitment I.9, and administer RECOGE species recovery plans. It appears in commitments I.1, I.2, I.9, I.12, and I.13 [§16, §21, §44].

SBAP begins operations in February 2026 and assumes management and administration of the National System of Protected Areas in March 2027 [§16]. This timeline means the Strategy's first two years operate under transitional governance — commitments that depend on SBAP's institutional capacity cannot be fully delivered until the service is operational. The 10% effective management target under commitment I.2, for instance, requires the SBAP-administered system to be functioning with Consultative Councils, approved Management Plans, adequate park rangers, and monitoring systems.

The NBSAP identifies SBAP as the primary vehicle for implementing both national and KMGBF targets, stating that "all the instruments of the new Biodiversity and Protected Areas Service will be contributing directly to the implementation of the targets of the new Global Biodiversity Framework" [§21]. For a policy reader comparing countries, Chile's delivery model is structurally distinct from countries with established conservation agencies: the strategy's institutional backbone does not yet exist operationally.

Sources:

  • §16 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 2.2. National Context
  • §21 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 3.5. Progress and challenges of the 2017 NBS
  • §44 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective I National Targets

5. Monitoring and Accountability

The Council of Ministers for Sustainability and Climate Change (CMSCC) sits at the apex of NBS governance, responsible for following up on implementation progress and taking decisions regarding adjustments [§30]. The Ministry of the Environment leads implementation and chairs the National Biodiversity Operational Committee (CONB), which brings together 37 central-level public services that adopt commitments for the fulfilment of the Strategy's objectives [§31].

At the regional level, Regional Operational Committees on Biodiversity (CORBs) — chaired by the Regional Ministerial Secretariats of the Environment — execute and prioritise actions that contribute to national commitments [§31]. The reporting chain flows upward: CORB annual reports are analysed by the CONB, which submits a national implementation follow-up report through the MMA to the CMSCC [§31].

The Ministry of the Environment is creating a new monitoring platform linked to preparation of the Seventh National Biodiversity Report (7NR) [§32]. A working group with public sector and academia is analysing relevant KMGBF indicators; these are to be published in 2026 [§32]. The Strategy envisages adaptive management, with the CONB serving as the deliberative space through which adjustment needs are raised — adjustments may relate to timescales, emphasis of actions, or actors involved [§32]. The Strategy states that the NBS "must be configured as an instrument with an adequate level of flexibility in the face of changing scenarios in which it is implemented" [§32].

The gap analysis conducted during the update process found that 48% (11 of 23) of GBF Targets had at least one parallel national commitment in the previous strategy; Targets 2, 6, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, and 23 lacked parallels [§22]. Cross-cutting gaps include the absence of a monitoring platform and biodiversity trend indicators, limited integration of scientific and local knowledge into decision-making, and insufficient data interoperability across public services and research centres [§22].

Sources:

  • §22 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 4.1. Context for aligning the Strategy with the Biodiversity Framework
  • §30 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > CMSCC
  • §31 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > CONB
  • §32 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 4.4. Monitoring, follow-up and adaptive adjustment

6. Finance and Resource Mobilisation

The Strategy contains no specific budget allocations, cost estimates, domestic resource mobilisation targets, or national biodiversity finance plan. Objective IV calls for "comprehensive and diversified financing" for implementation but does not specify funding amounts, timelines for resource mobilisation, or named financial instruments beyond this framing language [§53].

The gap analysis acknowledges that GBF Target 19 (finance mobilisation) had no parallel national commitment in the previous NBS [§22]. Two institutional mechanisms address finance: the Chile Nature Fund (formalised 2022), a public-private entity for mobilising conservation financing, particularly for protected areas; and the Committee for Environmentally Sustainable Financial Strategy (2023), led by the Ministry of Finance through its Green Finance Office [§21]. Neither is accompanied by mobilisation targets or figures.

The NBSAP update process was supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and UNDP [§8]. The 2024 OECD Environmental Performance Review recommends that Chile "prioritise investment in research and data collection, ensure adequate funding and establish a specialised workforce" — the Strategy presents this as context rather than committing to specific actions in response [§15].

Sources:

  • §8 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > How to cite this document
  • §15 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
  • §21 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 3.5. Progress and challenges of the 2017 NBS
  • §22 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > 1. Introduction > 4.1. Context for aligning the Strategy with the Biodiversity Framework
  • §53 — National Biodiversity Strategy 2025-2030 > Objective IV description

7. GBF Target Coverage

Target 1: Spatial planning — Addressed

National commitment I.10 requires all regions to have ecological planning by 2030, framed as universal regional coverage rather than a percentage threshold. The NBSAP links this target to five instruments: the National Territorial Planning Policy, the National Rural Development Policy, the National Urban Development Policy, the Escazú Agreement, and the Ramsar Convention. Integrating biodiversity into territorial planning is identified as a priority area for reducing biodiversity loss.

Target 2: Ecosystem restoration — Addressed

Two national commitments create parallel restoration pathways. I.8 targets 1 million hectares incorporated into the National Landscape Restoration Plan by 2030. I.9 requires 30% of areas declared degraded under Law 21,600 (SBAP) to have initiated ecological restoration by 2030, coordinating with other conservation instruments. The two commitments are legally anchored to different instruments — the National Landscape Restoration Plan and SBAP degradation declarations respectively. Linked instruments include the Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Biodiversity, the National Strategy on Climate Change and Associated Plant Resources, and the Native Forest Recovery and Forestry Promotion Act.

Target 3: Protected areas (30×30) — Addressed

Three commitments address protected areas. I.1 commits to 30% protection of terrestrial, marine-coastal, and inland water areas by 2030; the OECD reports 42% EEZ and 22% terrestrial area already protected. I.2 requires 100% management plan coverage and 10% effective management across the National System, with effective management defined by four criteria. I.3 targets 14,000–17,000 hectares of protected Urban Wetlands by 2026 under Law 21,202. SBAP assumes management of the National System of Protected Areas from March 2027.

Target 4: Species recovery — Addressed

Four commitments span species classification (I.4: +30% classified species vs 2023), RECOGE plan coverage (I.6: +50% species with plans vs 2023), plan implementation (I.5: 50% of planned activities achieved), and ex situ genetic conservation (I.11: 50% of threatened native flora in germplasm banks). The RECOGE plans serve as the central species-level conservation instrument. The National Bird Conservation Strategy 2021–2030 provides a species-group-specific complement.

Target 5: Sustainable harvest — Mentioned

The NBSAP does not establish a national commitment addressing sustainable use or trade of wild species. The strategy identifies overexploitation of marine pelagic and benthic resources as one of five principal threats to biodiversity. Linked instruments are the Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Fisheries and Aquaculture and the Agri-food Sustainability Strategy.

Target 6: Invasive alien species — Addressed

Two commitments address IAS. I.12 requires at least 14 management, control, or eradication plans by 2030. I.13 separately addresses free-roaming domestic animals, requiring actions in at least 30% of affected protected areas and buffer zones. Chile records 1,170 invasive alien species, including beaver, red deer, mink, yellowjacket wasp, rabbit, blackberry, and acacia. The previous 2017 NBS included a dedicated IAS action plan.

Target 7: Pollution reduction — Addressed

Three commitments address pollution. II.23 requires at least 3 new environmental quality standards by 2027 and 4 new standard/plan processes by 2030, focused on aquatic ecosystems. II.24 addresses contaminated site instruments with emphasis on soil. II.25 targets regulation to reduce eutrophication, including nutrient concentration reduction in discharges. Supporting legislation includes the Single-Use Plastics Law (2021) and the Water Code reform (2022).

Target 8: Climate and biodiversity — Addressed

Commitment II.19 requires 100% implementation of measures in the Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Biodiversity 2025–2029 by 2030. The plan was approved by the CMSCC in December 2024; its specific measures are not enumerated in the NBSAP. Seven policy instruments are linked to this target — the most of any target — including the Framework Law on Climate Change (2022), the Long-Term Climate Strategy, and the Peatland Protection Law (2024). The NBSAP lists Eco-DRR (Ecological Disaster Risk Reduction) as a guiding principle.

Target 9: Wild species use — Mentioned

The NBSAP does not establish a dedicated national commitment for sustainable management of wild species. Overexploitation of marine resources is identified as a threat. Linked instruments include the Agri-food Sustainability Strategy and the Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Fisheries and Aquaculture.

Target 10: Agriculture / forestry — Mentioned

No national commitment sets quantified metrics for sustainable agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, or forestry. Commitment II.22, on voluntary business biodiversity disclosure, is mapped to this target but centres on corporate reporting rather than on-the-ground management practices. The Agri-food Sustainability Strategy is the principal linked instrument.

Target 11: Ecosystem services (NbS) — Addressed

Three commitments address nature's contributions to people. II.16 requires at least 30% of approved strategic water resource plans in prioritised basins (PERHC) to include nature-based solutions by 2030. II.17 requires at least five economic instruments promoting nature's contributions designed and implemented by 2028. II.26 provides for a natural capital information tool to inform public and private decision-making by 2030.

Target 12: Urban biodiversity — Addressed

Commitment II.18 requires green infrastructure development in at least four cities by 2028 under the National Urban Green Infrastructure Strategy. Commitment I.3 targets 14,000–17,000 hectares of protected Urban Wetlands by 2026 under Law 21,202, which created a dedicated legal category for urban wetlands. Commitment IV.34 requires Regional Wetland Committees in all regions and progress on Municipal Wetland Committees by 2030, establishing multi-level governance for urban wetland management.

Target 13: Genetic resources / ABS — Addressed

Objective III sets out a phased roadmap: national ABS discussion initiated by 2026 to produce a legal framework proposal (III.28); Nagoya Protocol ratified and implementation begun by 2030 (III.29); traditional knowledge promoted and its integration into management instruments evaluated by 2030 (III.30). The Nagoya Protocol has not yet been ratified, placing the entire benefit-sharing agenda at a pre-legislative stage.

Target 14: Mainstreaming — Addressed

Three commitments address mainstreaming. II.20 requires public sector NBS reporting from 2027. II.26 establishes a natural capital information tool by 2030. II.22 requires voluntary corporate biodiversity disclosure by 2027. The Natural Capital Committee (2023) includes the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economy, and the Central Bank. The NBSAP reports that 91 existing policies were reviewed for alignment.

Target 15: Business disclosure — Addressed

Commitment II.22 requires companies voluntarily participating in the Pilot Business Action Plan for Biodiversity to adopt internationally recognised standards for disclosing biodiversity impacts, dependencies, and risks by 2027. The mechanism is voluntary and pilot-based rather than regulatory.

Target 16: Sustainable consumption — Addressed

Commitment II.27 requires a law promoting the valorisation of organic waste and dissemination of circular economy concepts by 2027. The Circular Economy Office exists within the Ministry of the Environment, and the Single-Use Plastics Law (2021) provides legislative precedent.

Target 17: Biosafety — Addressed

Commitment IV.35 requires a diagnosis of the risks and benefits of modern biotechnology techniques that may impact biodiversity by 2030. This is framed as a diagnostic exercise rather than operational biosafety regulation; no linked instruments are identified. The gap analysis confirmed this target was absent from the previous NBS.

Target 18: Harmful subsidies — Addressed

Two commitments separate harmful incentive reduction (II.14) from positive incentive creation (II.15), each following a two-stage timeline: diagnosis and sectoral commitment proposals by 2027, reports on adopted measures by 2029. Both commit to producing diagnoses rather than specifying which incentives will be reformed. The Agri-food Sustainability Strategy is the linked instrument.

Target 19: Finance mobilisation — Addressed

Objective IV addresses financing, and two institutional mechanisms exist: the Chile Nature Fund (2022) and the Green Finance Office within the Ministry of Finance. The Ministry of Finance's National Sustainability-Linked Bond Framework is also referenced. However, the Strategy does not specify financial mobilisation figures or targets. The gap analysis confirmed this target was absent from the previous NBS.

Target 20: Capacity and technology — Addressed

Two commitments address capacity-building. IV.32 strengthens capacity-building modalities for relevant actors by 2028, including through the Escazú Agreement. IV.33 strengthens public professional capacities from 2026. The OECD review underscores the need for a specialised workforce and research investment.

Target 21: Data and information — Addressed

Commitment V.37 initiates a national Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services Assessment by 2027. Commitment I.7 requires an inventory of terrestrial, marine, and inland water ecosystems housed in the biodiversity information system by 2030. The Ministry of the Environment is creating a new monitoring platform and building biodiversity trend indicators.

Target 22: Inclusive participation — Addressed

Commitment V.38 requires a communication plan oriented towards all actors, including indigenous peoples and local communities, designed by 2026. Commitment V.39 requires participation mechanisms with a gender perspective and consideration of indigenous peoples diagnosed, implemented, and reported by 2030, with parity in decision-making roles. Chile ratified the Escazú Agreement in 2022 and recognises FPIC through ILO Convention 169.

Target 23: Gender equality — Addressed

Commitment V.39 — shared with Target 22 — integrates gender and indigenous participation in a single commitment, requiring participation mechanisms with a gender perspective and parity in decision-making roles by 2030. The gap analysis identifies gender as the area least aligned with the KMGBF in the previous NBS. Linked instruments include the Gender Action Plan 2015–2020 of the CBD, CEDAW, the 4th National Plan for Equality, and the Gender Equality Strategy INDESPA.