Target 07: Pollution reduction

Generated: 2026-04-19T20:27:56Z

Landscape

Fifty-six of sixty-nine countries explicitly address pollution reduction under Target 7; none report it as not identified. The KMGBF's three-part structure — nutrients, pesticides, plastics — functions as near-universal scaffolding: Argentina, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Iran, and India mirror the global language almost verbatim, while others reorganise it around local pressures. European plans extend coverage to light, noise, PFAS, and microplastics; extractive-economy countries foreground mining contamination; small island states centre marine debris. A meaningful subset of lower-capacity plans — Bhutan, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar — confines its 2030 commitment to baseline-setting, monitoring infrastructure, or standards updates rather than quantified reduction. The twelve "relevant_to" countries fold pollution into broader threat-reduction targets without a standalone commitment.

Variation

Quantification ranges from enacted statutory targets to directional aspiration. Switzerland, Germany, and Denmark carry legislated percentage reductions; Tunisia sets a 30% headline across plastics, pesticides, and nutrients; Yemen commits to 20% agricultural-chemical reduction by 2030 and 70% plastic recycling by 2050; Vanuatu targets a 50% plastic reduction; Indonesia a 70% marine-plastic reduction against a 2018 baseline. At the other pole, Bhutan and Equatorial Guinea commit to identifying sources and establishing monitoring as their primary deliverable.

Pollution types foregrounded diverge with national context. Agricultural chemicals dominate in Hungary, Switzerland, Argentina, Lebanon, and Rwanda; mining-sector contamination — mercury, cyanide, oil — in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Suriname, Senegal, and Gabon; marine and plastic pollution in Indonesia, Vanuatu, and Panama. The Netherlands, Denmark, Spain, Germany, and Canada maintain multi-pollutant registers spanning nutrients, pesticides, PFAS, biocides, soil, air, light, noise, and microplastics.

Several plans introduce pollution categories absent from the KMGBF template: light and noise pollution in Germany, Spain, Iceland, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, and Slovenia; war-related contamination in Lebanon; nuclear contamination in the Marshall Islands; short-lived climate pollutants from agriculture in Rwanda; qat-production pesticide and water footprint in Yemen. Pesticide framings also split: Brazil qualifies the 50% target to non-compliant use, Japan defers its 50% risk-weighted reduction to 2050 under the MIDORI Strategy, and China phases out ten specific highly toxic pesticide types. Colombia reframes pollution around governance indicators — wastewater treatment volumes, environmental-liability remediation, legal biodiversity-product trade — while Sudan allocates US$113.9 million almost entirely to hazardous-chemical incinerators.

Standouts

Germany's national target text sits inside the Nature Strategy 2030: "By 2030, nitrogen emissions from all sources and in all environmental media will be reduced by 50% in accordance with target 7 of the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)." The commitment cites the GBF by name and designation inside the clause itself; Germany pairs it with a distinct target on light pollution, committing to grow the share of landscapes with dark night sky.

China enumerates specific phase-outs rather than risk percentages, committing that "10 types of highly toxic and acutely toxic pesticides shall be progressively phased out" and that "the safe utilisation rate of contaminated farmland shall reach 95% or above" by 2030. The Priority Action 13 framework extends this to Class V-inferior monitored water cross-sections and urban black and odorous water bodies, and names the protection of bees and earthworms as a coordination objective during pollution control.

Switzerland treats existing law as the delivery mechanism. The NBSAP records that "Parliament has decided that risks associated with pesticide use must be reduced by 50% by 2027 compared to the 2012–2015 average (Parliamentary initiative 19.475; Art. 6b of the Agriculture Act)" and that nitrogen emissions from agriculture must fall 15% and phosphorus emissions 20% by 2030 against the 2014–2016 average under Art. 6a LAgr — concluding that "given these existing regulatory frameworks and their regular updates, no further action is taken in AP SBS II."

Lebanon calibrates its pollution framework to acute, recent conditions. National Action 8.8 commits to "assess pollution impacts (emphasis on phosphorus) on ecosystems and agricultural areas affected by the 2024 war", with a 2024 baseline and responsibility assigned to MoE and CNRS. A monthly monitoring cadence for pollutants in high-conservation-value ecosystems runs alongside.

Indonesia's Target TN 6 holds plastic reduction constant across a twenty-year horizon: "percentage reduction of plastic waste leaked to the ocean against the 2018 baseline (15.30 percent baseline → 35.36 percent in 2023 → 70 percent in 2025, 2030 and 2045)." The 70% figure does not ratchet beyond 2025.

Analysis

The KMGBF three-part template appears to have functioned as scaffolding rather than calibration: countries that reproduce its language most faithfully often do so without country-specific quantification, while those that depart most visibly — China's enumerated phase-out, Lebanon's war-pollution action, Yemen's qat diagnostic — tend to be the most contextually specific in what they commit to.

A capacity gradient runs through the set. Lower-capacity plans disproportionately commit to assessments, standards updates, or baseline construction as their primary deliverable; comparably worded "by 2030" targets therefore describe fundamentally different stages of readiness. The pesticide sub-target surfaces a second tension: Brazil's qualification to pesticides applied "in breach of good agricultural practices" and Japan's 2050 MIDORI horizon both balance food-security scope against the GBF's 2030 frame without stating that trade-off explicitly.

Light and noise pollution appear systematically in higher-income European and Scandinavian NBSAPs; they are absent or marginal across the rest of the set. The Netherlands, which maintains one of the most detailed pollution chapters in the sample, acknowledges within its own plan that "currently over three-quarters of these are met, though under the one-out-all-out principle virtually no water body yet meets all requirements" — a self-reported distance between target-setting and compliance that a structurally silent plan would not disclose.

Per-country detail

Ordered by classification (explicitly_addresses → relevant_to → not_identified) then alphabetically by country name.

Country	National Target	Summary
Argentina	By 2030, reduce contamination risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources to levels that are not harmful to biological diversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: a) reducing by at least half the excess of nutrients released into the environment, such as through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; b) reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half, including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and c) preventing, reducing and working to eliminate plastic pollution.	National Target 7 commits to reducing contamination risks and negative pollution impacts from all sources to levels not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions by 2030, considering cumulative effects. Three sub-targets are specified: (a) reducing by at least half the excess of nutrients released into the environment through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; (b) reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half through integrated pest management based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and (c) preventing, reducing, and working to eliminate plastic pollution. Specific agricultural actions supporting this target include: encouraging nutrient recycling through crop rotation, mixed crop/livestock systems, and intercropping with legumes; promoting natural crop fertilisation; optimising agrochemical product use; requiring that agrochemicals used be of low environmental impact with minimal risk to human health, biodiversity loss, and low residual levels; promoting integrated pest and weed management with natural controls; deepening oversight and control of agrochemical use and evaluating their direct and indirect effects on biodiversity (4.1.B.6); and promoting soil and water conservation practices. The rationale section notes that alterations to ecosystem processes have resulted from contamination through excessive use of fertilisers and agrochemicals in the context of agricultural frontier expansion.
Australia	Increase the circularity of Australia's economy, to reduce our material footprint and waste generation by 2030. Reduce pollution in Australia's environment and its impacts on biodiversity, including reducing plastic pollution.	Australia establishes a national target to increase the circularity of its economy, reduce material footprint and waste generation by 2030, and reduce pollution in Australia's environment and its impacts on biodiversity, including reducing plastic pollution. The strategy states this target aligns with GBF targets 7 and 16. The NBSAP frames a circular economy as the mechanism to address drivers of biodiversity loss stemming from patterns of consumption, production, and disposal. The strategy commits to action on plastics pollution both domestically and through international engagement, noting the UN finding that plastics are becoming part of the Earth's fossil record. Chemical pollution is also addressed, with sustainable management of chemicals focusing on monitoring releases, assessing risks, and promoting safer alternatives. The context section (§14) notes that Australians generate 2.95 tonnes of waste per person per year and that by 2050, plastic in the oceans is estimated to outweigh fish. Progress measures track circularity rate (8E), total material footprint (8F), resource productivity (8G), waste generated per person (8H), and average resource recovery rate (8I). This is noted as an interim target, to be refined through consultation on a national circular economy framework.
Belgium		The NBSAP addresses pollution reduction through the polluter pays principle (those who cause damage to biodiversity bear the costs) and specific measures on pesticides, nutrients, and water quality. Operational objective 4c.6 commits to reducing the impacts of pesticides on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The NAPAN (Nationaal Actie Plan d'Action National) was established from 2013 as Belgium's national action plan for pesticide reduction as required by EU Directive 2009/128, comprising the Federal Reduction Plan for Pesticides 2013–2017 (FRPP) and plans from each of the three Regions. Measures include harmonisation of methods and standards on water contamination by pesticides, and ensuring balanced information for non-professional users at points of sale regarding risks to public health, environment, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. The Phytolicence (certificate of required knowledge for users, vendors, and advisors of plant protection products) was introduced, and the market for plant protection products was split between professional and non-professional segments. More broadly, under operational objective 3.6, the Strategy calls for reducing air, soil, and water pollution, eutrophication, and acidification through integration of biodiversity concerns into environmental policies. Integrated water management is called for, including under the Water Framework Directive and integrated coastal zone management. For inland waters, exaggerated baiting and consequent dystrophication is to be avoided in lakes and reservoirs.
Brazil	By 2030, reduce all sources of pollution, as well as their risks and negative impacts, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity, sociobiodiversity, and ecosystem functions and services, taking into account their cumulative effects. This includes: halving nutrient loss to the environment through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; halving the overall risk associated with the use of pesticides applied in breach of good agricultural practices, including through integrated pest management and the use of bioinputs; halving the risk associated with highly hazardous chemicals such as mercury; reducing emissions of industrial, transport and other significant environmental pollutants; and reducing, with a view to eliminating, plastic pollution, including in the marine environment.	The NBSAP establishes National Target 7, committing to reduce all sources of pollution and their risks and negative impacts to levels not harmful to biodiversity, sociobiodiversity, and ecosystem functions and services by 2030, taking cumulative effects into account. The target includes specific quantified commitments: halving nutrient loss to the environment through more efficient cycling and use; halving the overall risk associated with pesticides applied in breach of good agricultural practices, including through integrated pest management and bioinputs; halving the risk associated with highly hazardous chemicals such as mercury; reducing emissions of industrial, transport, and other environmental pollutants; and reducing, with a view to eliminating, plastic pollution including in the marine environment. The threats chapter provides extensive context. Brazil reports that the equivalent of more than 5,200 Olympic swimming pools of untreated sewage is released into nature daily. In the Brazilian Amazon, considerable amounts of mercury are discharged annually by illegal mining activities, affecting aquatic biodiversity and the health of riverine communities, Indigenous Peoples, and Local Communities. Current Brazilian regulations are noted to allow high tolerance limits for pesticide residues. Synergies are identified with SDGs 3.9, 6.3, 11.6, 12.4, 12.5, and 14.1, WHO, the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the Basel/Rotterdam/Stockholm Conventions, and the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution.
Bhutan	By 2030, ensure reduction in pollution to minimize threats to biodiversity	Bhutan's National Target 7 states: "By 2030, ensure reduction in pollution to minimize threats to biodiversity," aligned with KMGBF Target 7. The NBSAP identifies chemicals, heavy metals, untreated waste, and agrochemical use as contributing to habitat degradation and declining environmental quality. Solid waste generation averages 172 metric tonnes per day, with inadequate management in peri-urban areas. Air pollution from vehicular emissions and industrial activities, water pollution from untreated domestic sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff, and solid waste (particularly plastics) are each identified as pressures on ecosystems. Two strategies are outlined: enhancing measures to mitigate pollution with adverse impacts on biodiversity, and strengthening compliance monitoring. Actions include identifying major pollutants that adversely impact biodiversity, identifying and adopting state-of-the-art technologies to abate pollution, updating Environmental Standards 2020 and Initial Environmental Examination guidelines, conducting annual compliance monitoring of developmental activities considering biodiversity impacts, and conducting a gap assessment of existing waste management facilities.
Belarus	Reducing pollution of surface and groundwater from all sources to levels that do not harm biological diversity or the ecosystem functions of aquatic ecosystems; improving the ecological status of surface water bodies; applying biologically safe fertilisers and pesticides based on scientific evidence whilst ensuring food security; phased elimination of stockpiles of obsolete pesticides.	The strategy's objective 7 is explicitly mapped to KMGBF Target 7 and commits to reducing pollution of surface and groundwater from all sources to levels that do not harm biological diversity or ecosystem functions of aquatic ecosystems; improving the ecological status of surface water bodies; applying biologically safe fertilisers and pesticides based on scientific evidence whilst ensuring food security; and the phased elimination of stockpiles of obsolete pesticides. The problems chapter documents pollution-related pressures: eutrophication and pollution from diffuse agricultural runoff and insufficiently treated wastewater, with the total area of surface water bodies and mires declining by 11.1 per cent between 2015 and 2025. The National Action Plan includes: implementation of activities from management plans for the basins of the rivers Dnieper, Western Bug, Pripyat, Neman, and Western Dvina (item 42); construction and reconstruction of wastewater treatment facilities (item 43); improvement of municipal waste management systems to reduce waste entering the environment (item 45); and restoration of eutrophicated water bodies (item 37).
Canada		Canada's 2030 Strategy addresses Target 7 across nutrients, pesticides, chemicals, plastics, and air pollutants. In 2021, an estimated 2.92 million tonnes of pollutants were released directly into the environment, a 17% decrease from 2012. The 2023-2033 Freshwater Action Plan (ECCC) aims to achieve Canada's Lake Erie phosphorus load reduction targets by 2039 using a precision conservation approach, complete clean-up of 12 of 14 remaining Canadian Great Lakes Areas of Concern by 2030 and all 14 by 2038, and establish Canada-US nutrient reduction targets for all Canadian Great Lakes. On pesticides, HC leads the Rapid Priority Review Stream for Lower Risk Pesticides, is expanding a pilot into a National-Scale Water Monitoring Program for Pesticides, and is developing a Pesticide Use Information Framework. The government commits to amend the Pest Control Products Regulations by 2025 to give the Minister of Health explicit authority to require submission of cumulative environmental effects information, require consideration of cumulative effects during risk assessments, and require submission of species at risk information. The Chemicals Management Plan (ECCC, HC) assesses and manages risks from substances in consumer products, food, cosmetics, drugs, drinking water, pesticides, and industrial releases. CIRNAC leads the Northern Contaminants Program with ECCC, DFO, HC, and Indigenous partners. On plastics, ECCC works with PTs on the Canada-wide Strategy and Action Plan on Zero Plastic Waste, is implementing an instrument to strengthen labelling for plastics recyclability and compostability by 2025, and Canada commits to play a leadership role in negotiating a legally binding international agreement to end plastic pollution. ECCC and TC operate the Integrated Satellite Tracking of Pollution (ISTOP) Program using RADARSAT Constellation Mission data. The federal government commits to finalize and implement an Ocean Noise Strategy and implement prohibitions on disposal at sea in most new federal marine protected areas, consistent with the Marine Protected Areas Protection Standard.
Democratic Republic of the Congo	By 2030, policy, legal, technical and data-based measures are implemented to prevent, monitor and halve pollution from all sources, prioritising pollution from industrial and artisanal mining operations, hydrocarbons and petroleum pollutants, domestic and industrial waste, pesticides and other dangerous chemical or biological products, as well as the recovery of plastic waste, to bring pollution levels down to thresholds that are safe for biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, and human health, taking into account cumulative effects.	Objective 7 commits the DRC to halving pollution from all sources by 2030, with priority on industrial and artisanal mining (notably mercury and cyanide contamination), hydrocarbons and petroleum pollutants, domestic and industrial waste, pesticides and other hazardous chemicals, and plastic waste recovery. Measures combine policy, legal, technical and data-based instruments to bring pollution to thresholds safe for biodiversity, ecosystem services and human health, taking cumulative effects into account. The estimated budget is USD 20 million.
Republic of the Congo	Target 8/7: By 2030 at the latest, assess water and soil pollution, particularly that caused by fertilisers chemicals, pesticides and wastewater causing excess nutrients, with appropriate tools and brought down to a level that has no adverse effects on biodiversity, in order to reduce by at least half the overall risks associated with pesticides and particularly hazardous chemicals through integrated pest control measures, based on scientific data.	National Target 8/7 commits by 2030 to assess water and soil pollution — particularly from fertilisers, pesticides and wastewater causing excess nutrients — with appropriate tools, and to reduce by at least half the overall risks associated with pesticides and particularly hazardous chemicals through integrated pest control measures based on scientific data. Result A1O8R8 contains four actions. Combating uncontrolled occupation of areas designated for agriculture, aquaculture and forestry for demographic reasons (100 million FCFA) addresses land encroachment as a pollution-related driver. Demarcation of zones dedicated to agriculture, aquaculture and forestry in departmental and communal land-use plans (2028, 1,500 million FCFA) is the largest line in this result. Environmental decontamination using bioremediation practice (2027, 1,000 million FCFA) and awareness-raising/communication on the effects of pollution (2025, 100 million FCFA) complete the set. Indicators include coastal eutrophication potential index, areas decontaminated through bioremediation, plastic recycling rate, inland water pollution rate (rivers and lakes), soil pollution rate, number of mapped companies that discharge operational waste into waterways, percentage of the population dumping household waste outside waste bins, and rate of change in imports of pesticides and other polluting products. The diagnostic section flags chemical pollution of watercourses and groundwater, pollution linked to oil exploitation, and pollution of soil, water and air as identified threats. Responsible bodies include the ministries for finance, transport, the environment, scientific research, primary and secondary education, the interior, along with CSOs, the National Statistical Institute (NSI/INS) and NGOs.
Switzerland		The NBSAP addresses pollution reduction under SBS Objective 1. More than 26,000 chemical substances are placed on the European market in transaction volumes exceeding one tonne per year, with both quantities and number of substances increasing. The Confederation implements the Chemicals Safety Strategy and the Action Plan for Risk Reduction and Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products. Parliament has decided that risks associated with pesticide use must be reduced by 50% by 2027 compared to the 2012–2015 average (Parliamentary initiative 19.475; Art. 6b of the Agriculture Act). Parliament also adopted a reduction trajectory for nutrient losses from agriculture: nitrogen emissions must be reduced by 15% and phosphorus emissions by 20% by 2030 compared to the 2014–2016 average (Art. 6a LAgr). Air protection legislation is regularly adapted with the aim of protecting human health and the environment. Given these existing regulatory frameworks and their regular updates, no further action is taken in AP SBS II.
Côte d'Ivoire		The NBSAP identifies pollution as a significant threat to biodiversity, noting that 25% of pesticides used in agriculture end up in aquatic environments, with additional contamination from log-treatment products, insecticides, herbicides, solvents, fishing poisons, factory leaks, waste oil, and deballasting water. The strategy treats pollution control through several operational objectives. For aquatic ecosystems, priorities include strengthening monitoring of legislation application and generalising the polluter-pays principle, improving control of pollutant emissions through regular studies, and reducing coastal pollution from domestic waste and ballast water. For agriculture, the strategy calls for adopting and disseminating guidelines for eco-compatible use of chemical products and fertilisers, establishing buffer zones between plantations/agro-industrial complexes and watercourses, and monitoring water and soil quality in areas adjacent to plantations. The strategy also promotes sustainable agricultural systems including integrated pest management, organic agriculture, and organic fertilisers as alternatives to chemical inputs.
Chile	II.23: By 2027, the coverage of environmental quality standards is expanded, incorporating at least 3 since 2023, and by 2030, 4 new standards and plan processes are initiated to reduce impacts on biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems: marine, coastal and inland. II.24: By 2030, progress is made in developing instruments for the management and remediation of contaminated sites, incorporating ecological considerations, with emphasis on the soil matrix. II.25: By 2030, regulation is strengthened to protect and restore aquatic ecosystems to reduce or prevent eutrophication, including the reduction of nutrient concentrations in discharges.	The NBSAP assigns three national targets under Objective II to pollution reduction. Target II.23 requires the coverage of environmental quality standards to be expanded, incorporating at least 3 new standards since 2023 by 2027 and initiating 4 new standards and plan processes by 2030, aimed at reducing impacts on biodiversity in marine, coastal and inland aquatic ecosystems. Target II.24 calls for progress by 2030 in developing instruments for the management and remediation of contaminated sites, incorporating ecological considerations with emphasis on the soil matrix. Target II.25 requires regulation to be strengthened by 2030 to protect and restore aquatic ecosystems, with the aim of reducing or preventing eutrophication, including through reducing nutrient concentrations in discharges. The strategy identifies pollution from chemical inputs such as pesticides and fertilisers, plastics, and residential discharges as one of five principal threats to biodiversity (§18). Relevant recent legislation includes the Single-Use Plastics Law (Law 21,368, enacted 2021) and the Water Code reform (Law 21,435, enacted 2022) (§21). The Annex 3 instrument mapping (§62) links GBF Target 7 to the Agri-food Sustainability Strategy, the Water Resources Strategy, the National Sustainable Construction Strategy, and Secondary Environmental Quality Standards for water protection.
Cameroon	Significantly reduce the impact of multiform pollution on biodiversity, in particular pollution linked to plastic waste, nutrients, as well as pesticides and other toxic and/or hazardous chemicals	The NBSAP identifies pollution as a significant driver of biodiversity loss and establishes Objective 3 to "significantly reduce the impact of multiform pollution on biodiversity, in particular pollution linked to plastic waste, nutrients, as well as pesticides and other toxic and/or hazardous chemicals." The objective is tracked through GBF headline indicators 7.1 (coastal eutrophication potential index) and 7.2 (environmental concentrations of pesticides). The National Strategy to Combat Plastic Pollution (SNLPP, 2022) provides the policy foundation, aiming to strengthen governance, reduce plastic use, promote substitution, and ensure effective implementation by 2030. The "Zero Marine Plastic" Programme operates in Douala, Kribi and Limbe to reduce and valorise plastic waste, raise awareness and develop local recycling channels, with support from MINEPDED, UN Habitat and AFD. The action plan includes five sub-actions under Objective 3. Action 3.1 promotes waste treatment, recovery and recycling, with a target to raise waste collection from approximately 40% to at least 70% and recycling from less than 10% to at least 30%. Action 3.2 intensifies monitoring of pollution in receiving environments (air, soil, water), tracking waste production (baseline approximately 6 Mt/year, of which 80% plastic and organic waste) and mandating effective implementation of waste management plans (target: at least 70% compliance). Action 3.3 strengthens monitoring of pesticide imports, production, use and storage, tracked through customs and MINADER databases. Action 3.4 promotes ecological alternatives to chemical pesticides and plastics, including a revised approval framework integrating bio-inputs and toxicity, production of a national list of at least 12 approved bio-inputs, increasing bio-input production from approximately 5% to approximately 50% and usage from approximately 10% to at least 40%, and raising biodegradable packaging use from less than 5% to at least 30%. Action 3.5 addresses chemical substance control in the mining and fishing sectors, aiming to reduce illegal use of chemical substances in fishing to 0%. A national waste exchange is to be established to promote circular economy and waste traceability, with a target of at least 30% of recoverable waste registered. Water resource protection policies include treatment of industrial wastewater, with a target of treating 60% of estimated industrial effluent volumes (approximately 50,600 m3/year). The briefing also documents the pollution context: rapid urbanisation and uncontrolled industrialisation lead to discharges of domestic, hospital and industrial effluents into waterways in major cities. Waste volumes exceed two million tonnes per year for Yaounde and Douala alone. Agro-industrial activities contribute to contamination through intensive fertiliser and phytosanitary product use and palm oil processing residues.
China	By 2030, pollution risks from all sources shall be effectively curbed, the emission intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from agricultural sources shall be significantly reduced, 10 types of highly toxic and acutely toxic pesticides shall be progressively phased out, Class V-inferior nationally monitored cross-sections and urban black and odorous water bodies shall be basically eliminated, the safe utilisation rate of contaminated farmland shall reach 95% or above, safe utilisation of key construction land shall be effectively guaranteed, and plastic pollution shall be effectively curbed.	Priority Action 13 provides a detailed framework for environmental quality improvement with direct relevance to pollution reduction targets. The NBSAP commits to reducing pollution risks from all sources by 2030, with specific targets: nitrogen and phosphorus pollutant emission intensity from agricultural sources to be significantly reduced; 10 types of highly toxic and acutely toxic pesticides to be progressively phased out; Class V-inferior nationally monitored water cross-sections and urban black and odorous water bodies to be basically eliminated; safe utilisation rate of contaminated farmland to reach 95% or above; and plastic pollution to be effectively curbed. The plan specifies campaigns to reduce chemical fertiliser and pesticide use whilst increasing efficiency, campaigns to recover agricultural plastic film, and strengthening recovery and treatment of pesticide packaging waste. Full-chain prevention and control of plastic pollution is required, with substantial reduction in plastic waste sent to landfill and leaked into the environment. Coordination of air pollutants and regional governance, wastewater treatment, and drainage outlet supervision are also detailed. A dedicated priority project requires the construction of an ecological risk assessment system for environmental pollution with biodiversity as an important indicator, and incorporation of biodiversity-related content into the performance evaluation system for pollution remediation projects. The coordinated governance project explicitly calls for protecting beneficial organisms such as bees and earthworms during pollution control measures. Dynamic publication of lists of priority controlled emerging pollutants is required, with whole-process environmental risk management and control measures.
Colombia	National Target 4. Pollution, addressing informality and containment of crimes: By 2030, the flow volume with wastewater treatment will be increased to 68% and 50% of environmental liability cases will be managed through mechanisms focused on their remediation. Likewise, efforts will be made to ensure that at least 80% of biodiversity-derived products are obtained, marketed and used legally and sustainably in municipalities of high importance for biodiversity.	The NBSAP establishes National Target 4 under Priority Area 3 as: 'By 2030, the flow volume with wastewater treatment will be increased to 68% and 50% of environmental liability cases will be managed through mechanisms focused on their remediation. Likewise, efforts will be made to ensure that at least 80% of biodiversity-derived products are obtained, marketed and used legally and sustainably in municipalities of high importance for biodiversity.' Target 7 is prioritised alongside Target 1 in the national-level actions of the Action Plan. Existing information coverage includes IDEAM indicators on air, soil and water quality and waste disposal; Invemar indicators on marine and coastal water quality; Agronet figures on percentage of planted area by fertiliser type for permanent crops; and six Conpes reporting management indicators for reduction of emissions, pollutants, bio-inputs and water use. Priority Area 3 convenes actors beyond the environmental sector, explicitly calling on the legislative branch, defence sectors and those responsible for smuggling control. The Plan proposes actions under voices from the territories tagged to KMGBF Target 7 including: guaranteeing proper solid waste management in Amazon communities; regularising illegal solid-waste disposal sites; strengthening the environmental-health approach; guaranteeing construction and operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for municipalities that do not have them; recognition and attention to sensory pollution; application of the One Health approach (Orinoquía); and decontamination and sanitation of continental, marine and coastal aquatic ecosystems (Pacific). Caribbean and Insular regional recommendations call for alignment of mining and housing sector policies with the National Targets, a regenerative mining approach favouring recovery of biodiversity, ecological impact assessments in mining districts, and alignment of housing sector policies on pollution reduction, drinking-water provision and solid-waste management. The financial strategy identifies freshwater decontamination and environmental-liability recovery as specific financing priorities, with compensations derived from environmental impact assessments to be allocated to environmental-liability recovery in the water sector.
Germany	By 2030, nitrogen emissions from all sources and in all environmental media will be reduced by 50% in accordance with target 7 of the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF).	Action area 15 of the NBS 2030 addresses pollution across multiple dimensions with explicit reference to GBF Target 7. Target 15.1 commits to further reducing pollution from all sources by 2030 to protect biodiversity, ecosystem functionality, and human health. Target 15.2 on nutrient inputs sets three quantified commitments: by 2030, the area of sensitive ecosystems where nitrogen levels exceed critical loads will be reduced by 50%; nitrogen emissions from all sources and in all environmental media will be reduced by 50% in accordance with GBF Target 7; and phosphorus concentrations in flowing waters will stay below the values in the Ordinance for the Protection of Surface Waters. Germany states its ambition to meet the EU Water Framework Directive targets in 2027. Target 15.3 calls for inputs of plastics into the environment to be significantly reduced and discarding of plastic waste to be greatly reduced by 2030. Germany has already enacted the Prohibition of Single-Use Plastics Ordinance, the Labelling of Single-Use Plastics Ordinance, and the Single-Use Plastics Fund Act, the latter requiring producers of certain single-use plastic products to make annual payments into a fund that reimburses public costs of cleaning plastic waste. Target 15.4 addresses light pollution, calling for the increase in artificial lighting and associated biodiversity loss to be reduced to a minimum by 2030, with the share of landscapes with dark night sky to have grown. Pesticide reduction is covered under Target 8.7, noting that scientific findings demonstrate pesticide use as a notable driver of species loss. The strategy calls for more sustainable agriculture including evolving integrated pest management principles and technological advances in application methods.
Denmark		The NBSAP presents a multi-source pollution reduction programme covering nutrients, pesticides, chemicals, PFAS, biocides, historical contamination, air pollution, and plastics. The River Basin Management Plans 2021-2027 include measures to reduce nitrogen emissions by 10,400 tonnes per year, actions for 5,500 km of waterways, approximately 800 hectares of phosphorus wetlands, and restoration of 41 lakes. The plans will be reviewed in 2024 to determine measures for remaining needs. Denmark has also implemented the Nitrates Directive, limiting and regulating the total nitrogen that farms may use. The Pesticide Strategy 2022-2026 reflects a political agreement to halve the use of pesticides compared with 2011 levels, making the most harmful pesticides more expensive. The use of glyphosate as a harvest aid in crops for feed and foodstuffs has been banned. The Chemicals Initiative 2022-2025 implements over 50 EU initiatives, including those on combined effects, online sales of products from outside the EU, a safe-and-sustainable-by-design approach, and bans on harmful chemicals and deliberately added microplastics. On PFAS, the government will present a comprehensive action plan and has endorsed the EU requirement to remove 80 per cent of cosmetic and pharmaceutical residues through wastewater purification. Denmark is collaborating with other countries to eliminate the use of all PFAS substances in the EU. The National Biocidal Initiative (2022-2025) promotes sustainable use of biocides and establishes an authorisation scheme for professional insecticides. For historical pollution, treatment has begun on nine of the ten largest sites, with surveys of the last site expected to begin in 2026. Clearance of four sites is targeted by mid-2026. Air pollution measures include clean-air zones in the four largest cities requiring particulate filters on diesel cars, requirements for furnaces that change ownership, and taxes on emissions. The Plastics Action Plan targets separating 80 per cent of plastic waste from incineration by 2030, establishes a national plastic centre, expands the deposit and return system, introduces extended manufacturer responsibility for packaging and single-use plastics, bans free carrier bags with handles, and bans adding microplastics to cosmetic products.
Egypt		The NBSAP addresses pollution through a dedicated chapter (Section 24) and through the agricultural-rehabilitation provisions. It characterises air pollution — concentrated in major cities such as Cairo and driven by vehicles and factories — as the most serious type, raising levels of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides and increasing respiratory disease. Water pollution is documented in the River Nile (from industrial discharges, agriculture, and household waste) and Lake Manzala (from agricultural and industrial drainage). Soil pollution is attributed to excessive pesticide and chemical-fertiliser use and factory waste, with consequences for soil fertility, agricultural crops, wildlife, and agricultural-area biodiversity. Stated government efforts include laws regulating industrial discharge and improving air quality; awareness campaigns on pollution hazards; encouragement of clean and sustainable technologies in industry and transport; and funding for water-treatment, waste-recycling, and sustainable-agriculture projects. The restoration chapter calls for restoring salinised and erosion-affected soils through ecological remediation, restoring natural vegetation cover, and improving water management; and for restoring wetlands at Lake Qarun and Lake Burullus by addressing pollution. Pollution from agricultural drainage and overfishing is identified among the fisheries-sector challenges. The NBSAP does not state a quantified national pollution-reduction target.
Eritrea	Target 6: By 2030, the level of pollution from all sources, inter alia, excess nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, oil spills and plastics is assessed and pollution from excess nutrients, pesticides and herbicides is prevented, controlled or minimized to levels that are not harmful to ecosystem function and biodiversity.	Eritrea's National Target 6 addresses pollution from excess nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, oil spills, and plastics, with a total budget of USD 925,000. The NBSAP reports progress on pollution reduction since 2015. The MoA promotes organic fertilizers (compost, fish amino acid extracts, seaweed-based liquid fertilizers, farmyard manures), organic farming, and integrated pest management, with biopesticide research underway. The Regulatory Services Department (RSD) in MoA regulates agrochemical imports; 363 tons of obsolete pesticides were safely disposed of in 2016/2017 (shipped to the UK), with another 30 tons awaiting similar disposal. The Eritrean Environmental Protection, Management and Rehabilitation Framework (No. 179/2017) and Legal Notice No. 127/2017, including Articles 11-17 on pollution control, were gazetted in 2017. The action plan includes conducting assessments of pollution by agrochemicals, heavy metals, and oil spills (Action 6.1.1, 2026-2027, USD 80,000), developing a land and marine litter gathering programme (Action 6.1.3), promoting organic fertilizer and biopesticide use (Action 6.2.1), producing organic fertilizers and pesticides at scale (Action 6.2.3, USD 300,000), reducing inorganic fertilizer and pesticide use (Action 6.2.5), controlling entry of non-degradable single-use plastics (Action 6.2.7), and reviewing the agrochemical policy (Legal Notice No. 114/2006) on disposal of expired agrochemicals (Action 6.3.2, 2028).
Spain		The NBSAP addresses pollution across multiple dimensions: nutrients, pesticides, air, light, noise, and marine litter. For nutrients and pesticides, the NBSAP aligns with EU Farm to Fork and Biodiversity Strategy targets: reducing the risk and use of chemical pesticides by 50% and the most hazardous pesticides by 50% by 2030; reducing fertiliser use by at least 20%; and preventing 50% of pollution from nutrient loss. A new Royal Decree on sustainable nutrition of agricultural soils and Royal Decree 47/2022 on protection of waters against nitrate pollution address fertiliser reduction. A Royal Decree on individualised calculation of plant protection product use per holding is to impose specific reduction targets. The NBSAP also proposes limiting exceptional authorisations for neonicotinoid insecticides given their impact on pollinators. Attention is given to biocides, especially rodenticides, for wildlife poisoning and surface water contamination. For air pollution, the National Air Pollution Control Programme (PNCCA) establishes emission reduction measures aligned with Directive (EU) 2016/2284, with 2030 targets including reductions of 88% for SO2, 62% for NOx, 22% for NMVOC, 16% for NH3, and 50% for particulate matter relative to 2005. A network of pollution monitoring sites in ecosystems has been created. For light pollution, basic guidelines are to be approved before 2025, in collaboration with the Ministry of Transport, to minimise impact on transport and energy infrastructure. A Light Adaptation Plan for existing wind farms and communication routes is to be promoted. For noise pollution, regulations on terrestrial noise and their effectiveness for wild fauna and protected areas are to be reviewed. General guidelines on acoustic impact on fauna in environmental assessment processes are planned. In the marine environment, underwater noise mitigation guidelines are to be implemented in Spanish waters, a national register for monitoring impulsive underwater noise is to be established, and continuous noise monitoring and mapping are planned within the Marine Strategies framework. Marine litter is noted as a major problem, subject to monitoring programmes within the Marine Strategies. Around 34% of Spain's area shows exceedance of critical nitrogen loads and is at risk of eutrophication.
European Union	The risk and use of chemical pesticides is reduced by 50% and the use of more hazardous pesticides is reduced by 50%. The losses of nutrients from fertilisers are reduced by 50%, resulting in the reduction of the use of fertilisers by at least 20%. No chemical pesticides are used in sensitive areas such as EU urban green areas.	The strategy addresses pollution across multiple fronts with quantified reduction targets. Chemical pesticide use and risk is to be reduced by 50%, with an additional 50% reduction in the use of more hazardous pesticides, by 2030. Nutrient losses from fertilisers are to be reduced by at least 50%, resulting in at least a 20% reduction in fertiliser use. These measures are to be achieved through full implementation and enforcement of environmental and climate legislation, balanced fertilisation and sustainable nutrient management, and an Integrated Nutrient Management Action Plan to be developed by 2022. The Commission is to adopt a Zero Pollution Action Plan for Air, Water and Soil and a new EU Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability as part of its Zero Pollution Ambition. The environmental risk assessment of pesticides is to be strengthened, and the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive is to be revised in 2022 with enhanced Integrated Pest Management provisions. No chemical pesticides are to be used in sensitive areas such as EU urban green areas. Plastics pollution is addressed through the European Strategy for Plastics and the Circular Economy Action Plan. Marine litter and underwater noise pressures are addressed under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
Gabon		The NBSAP provides an extensive assessment of pollution threats to biodiversity across agricultural, extractive, urban, and industrial sources, and establishes concrete legislative measures to address them. While the specific action plan text for National Target 7 was not fully captured in the briefing excerpts, the NBSAP's Axis 1 explicitly includes eight targets, and the legislative framework and field initiatives provide substantive content. For agricultural pollution, the NBSAP notes that certain pesticides banned in Europe are still used in Gabon, and excessive fertiliser use causes eutrophication. The sustainable agriculture measures include promotion of reduced pesticide and chemical fertiliser use, composting, and integrated pest management. For extractive industries, artisanal gold mining releases 2–3 grammes of mercury per gramme of gold extracted, contaminating waterways. The Hydrocarbons Regulation (Law No. 002/2019) prohibits systematic gas flaring and requires environmental impact assessments and site restoration. For plastic pollution, an estimated 50,000+ tonnes of plastic waste are generated annually, with a significant fraction reaching the ocean. Ordinance No. 0012/PR/2024 of 26 February 2024 specifically combats single-use plastics, promotes the circular economy and sustainable alternatives, and aims to reduce the national carbon footprint. The Environmental Protection Law (No. 007/2014) establishes air quality standards, atmospheric emissions monitoring, waste reduction/reuse/recycling requirements, and greenhouse gas compensation. Libreville daily discharges thousands of cubic metres of untreated wastewater into the ocean and the Komo estuary.
United Kingdom	The UK will reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: (a) by reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half, including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; (b) by reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half, including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and (c) by preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.	The NBSAP sets UK target 7, committing to reduce pollution risks and negative impacts from all sources by 2030 to levels not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects. The target specifies three sub-commitments: (a) reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half, including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; (b) reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half, including through integrated pest management based on science and taking into account food security and livelihoods; and (c) preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.
Equatorial Guinea	By 2030, establish a baseline of the different sources and levels of current pollutant emissions, as well as measurement systems for monitoring pollutant sources, and implement mitigation measures.	National Target 7 commits, by 2030, to establish a baseline of the different sources and levels of current pollutant emissions, establish measurement systems for monitoring pollutant sources, and implement mitigation measures. Actions listed include updating the national study on deforestation and forest degradation, promoting a national platform on climate change with a functional national committee, and developing, enacting and implementing a National Framework Law on Climate Change (budgeted at USD 2,000,000). A separate TABLES-NBSAP formulation of Target 7 commits the country to maintain a monitoring network for global warming and ozone layer depletion. Responsible bodies named are the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and the Diaspora; Forests and Environment; Information, Press and Radio; National Security; and NGOs. Degree of alignment with global Target 7 is rated MEDIUM.
Hungary		The NBSAP identifies reducing pollution threatening biodiversity as Objective 6. Two major pollution domains receive detailed treatment: soil/nutrient pollution and pesticides. On nutrients, approximately 70% of Hungary's territory is nitrate sensitive. Fertiliser sales increased by 20% between 2015 and 2020, with active ingredients at 119 kg per hectare in 2019, dominated by nitrogen fertilisation. The Soil Conservation Action Plan (SCAP) has been drawn up, with SCAP 4 focusing on awareness-raising and training of farmers. Farmers are required to prepare individual Farmers' Soil Conservation Programmes (FSCPs) by 31 December 2025, with support from consultants and the soil conservation authority. A central soil conservation database ('Talajweb') is also planned. On pesticides, Hungary reduced the use and risk of chemical pesticides by 25% by 2019 compared to the 2015–2017 average, and the use of more hazardous pesticides by 21% over the same period. Active ingredients per hectare fell from 5.6 kg/ha (1985–1989) to 1.49 kg/ha in 2019. The Ministry of Agriculture prepared a National Plant Protection Action Plan for 2019–2023 promoting integrated pest management and safer alternative technologies.
Indonesia	National Target 6 (TN 6): Reducing the risks and negative impacts of environmental pollution on biodiversity.	Strategy 1.5 (Control the Risk of Environmental Pollution) and National Target 6 (TN 6): Reducing the Risks and Negative Impacts of Environmental Pollution on Biodiversity address water, nutrient, pesticide and marine plastic pollution. In 2022 plastic waste entering marine waters reached almost 400,000 tons, 77.8 percent originating from land. Water Quality Index (IKA) of surface water stood at 54.59 (medium) and Sea Water Quality Index (IKAL) at 84.41 (good). TN 6 is measured by four indicators: Water Quality Index (baseline 53.53 → 72.41 in 2025 → 73.41 in 2030 → 76.41 in 2045); Sea Water Quality Index (baseline 68.94 → 81.02 in 2025 → 81.3 in 2030 → 82.12 in 2045); percentage reduction of plastic waste leaked to the ocean against the 2018 baseline (15.30 percent baseline → 35.36 percent in 2023 → 70 percent in 2025, 2030 and 2045); and Pesticide-use intensity (indicator in development). TN 6 is delivered through five action groups: management of liquid-waste pollution; management of plastic waste in marine and inland waters; control of pesticide use; monitoring and management of eutrophication; and identification of marine debris impacts on biodiversity. Lead entities are KLH/BPLH, Kemenhut, KKP, Kementan, Kemen PU, the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla), BRIN, local governments and private and non-state actors. Headline indicators map to KMGBF 7.1 (coastal eutrophication potential) and 7.2 (pesticide environment concentration, methodology being developed).
India	Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources by 2030 to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative impact of pollution including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half, including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.	India's NBSAP addresses pollution reduction through three prongs aligned with the KMGBF: reducing excess nutrients through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals through integrated pest management; and preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution. The headline indicator is the Index of coastal eutrophication potential (7.1), with component indicators on cropland nutrient budget, proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater safely treated, floating plastic debris density, and the Red List Index measuring pollution impact. Six national indicators are tracked: trends in natural farming/agricultural products and their certifications (7.1); extent of restored forest cover (7.2); trends in coastal water quality near metropolitan cities (7.3); trends in wetlands delivering freshwater services (7.4); trends in e-waste and biomedical waste management (7.5); and trends in the proportion of people using improved water (7.6). Complementary indicators include trends in nitrogen deposition, municipal solid waste collection and management, plastic waste generation, and hazardous waste density. Lead agencies include ICAR, National Centre for Organic and Natural Farming, Forest Survey of India, State Forest Departments, National Afforestation and Ecodevelopment Board, Central Pollution Control Board, and State Pollution Control Boards.
Iran	Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources in Iran by 2030 to levels not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions, considering cumulative effects. This includes reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half, reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half, and preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.	The NBSAP includes a pollution reduction sub-target committing to reduce pollution risks and negative impacts from all sources to levels not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions by 2030, considering cumulative effects. Quantified targets include reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half, reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half, and preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution. Thirteen actions are specified, including integrating traditional knowledge into pollution reduction strategies; promoting community-based waste management in rural and pastoralist areas; encouraging rotational grazing, organic agriculture, and water harvesting to reduce nutrient and hazardous substance pollution; establishing community-based monitoring systems for pollution levels; engaging communities in reducing plastic use and promoting recycling; advocating for stronger industrial pollution regulations; legally and comprehensively evaluating residues of agricultural pesticides, nitrates, heavy metals, and livestock drugs in agricultural products; and establishing a tracking, packaging, identification, and branding system for the country.
Iceland	That by 2030, the risk of pollution harming biological diversity will have been substantially reduced.	The NBSAP addresses pollution through Guiding Principle D2, with the objective that by 2030 the risk of pollution harming biodiversity will have been substantially reduced. The policy identifies multiple pollution types including chemical pollution in water, air and soil, plastic and other litter pollution, and light and noise pollution. It notes that organisms ingest various hazardous pollutants with negative effects on hormonal function, digestion, reproductive capacity and general health, and highlights the biomagnification of heavy metals through the food chain. The policy specifically calls for strengthening actions to reduce plastic pollution through improved waste prevention, sewage system improvements and environmental clean-up. It emphasises maintaining supervision of polluting activities and strengthening the polluter pays principle. Responsibility lies with the Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate, with administration primarily through the Environment and Energy Agency and Municipal Health Inspectorates. Municipalities are responsible for key elements such as waste management and sewage.
Japan — National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2023–2030	Action-oriented target 2-3: Reduce to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity pollution risks and negative impacts from all sources, including chemicals, nutrients, pesticides, and plastics.	Action-oriented target 2-3 addresses pollution through regulation of chemicals, pesticides, nutrients, and plastics. Chemical substances are managed under the Chemical Substances Control Act and the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR); the pesticide reevaluation system introduced in 2018 reassesses all registered active ingredients on a 15-year cycle against up-to-date ecotoxicity data. The MIDORI Strategy for Sustainable Food Systems sets a 50% reduction of risk-weighted chemical pesticide use and a 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer use by 2050. Nutrient loading in enclosed sea areas (Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay, Seto Inland Sea) is managed via Total Pollutant Load Control Systems. Marine plastic pollution is addressed through the Osaka Blue Ocean Vision (reducing additional marine plastic pollution to zero by 2050), the Act on Promotion of Resource Circulation for Plastics, and the Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution. Light pollution, noise, and agricultural runoff in coral reef watersheds are also covered, including the red soil runoff reduction measures in Okinawa.
Lebanon	NT 8: By 2030, reduce pollution and the negative impacts of pollution, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: (a) reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment; (b) reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals; and (c) reducing, and better management of plastic pollution.	National Target 8 commits that by 2030 Lebanon reduces pollution and its negative impacts to levels not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem services, considering cumulative effects, including reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment, reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals, and reducing and better managing plastic pollution. The NBSAP adopts Headline Indicator 7.2 (Aggregated Total Applied Toxicity of pesticides, calculated annually using national pesticides statistics with FAO cooperation), the FAO Cropland Nutrient Budget component indicator (kg/ha for N, P and K), and a complementary Pesticide Use per Area of Cropland indicator. National Actions include enhancing knowledge of nutrient management and integrated pest management through public awareness and targeted training (NA 8.1, three-year survey cycle); implementing the MoA's national nutrient-management strategy covering both point and non-point sources (NA 8.2); implementing the MoA strategy on pesticides, fungicides, herbicides and antibiotics (NA 8.3); monitoring pollutant levels monthly in ecosystems of high conservation value such as coastal areas, river mouths, rivers, wetlands and springs (NA 8.4); capacity-building for polluters and local authorities in priority action areas (NA 8.5, three-year cycle, 2024 baseline); improving the technical infrastructure of the MoA, CNRS and LARI to monitor pollution and chemical imports (NA 8.6); updating pesticide regulations and banning hazardous chemicals from the market (NA 8.7); and identifying and mapping sources of marine litter in coastal and marine environments and developing management plans (NA 8.10). A dedicated indicator tracks assessments of pollution impacts–emphasising phosphorus–on natural and agricultural areas affected by the 2024 war.
Lesotho	By 2030, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem functioning and biodiversity	Lesotho's National Target 6 commits to bringing pollution, including from excess nutrients, to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem functioning and biodiversity by 2030. The total budget is USD 12,265,837. Indicators include proportions of safely treated wastewater, trends in litter including microplastics, floating plastic debris density, and fertilizer use. The NBSAP II review documents progress including mapping pollution hotspots, enacting the Plastic Levy Regulation 2022, developing a web-based Waste Management Information System (WMIS), developing an Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategy, and identifying the Tšoeneng landfill (not yet operational for general waste). The Occupational Safety and Health Act 2024 and Radiation Protection Agency Act 2018 are also noted. Strategic Initiative 6.1 includes six actions: identifying and profiling pollution hotspots with a database (USD 1,030,412, 2026/30); establishing waste management projects including recycling centres (USD 2,941,180, 2026/30); establishing national and community landfills including sustainable management of Tšoeneng landfill (USD 6,500,110, 2027/30); sensitising communities on waste management and developing pollution bylaws (USD 882,355, 2027/30); developing waste and pollution control legislation including water quality standards, effluent discharge standards, and Hazardous Chemicals Management Bill (USD 705,890, 2027/30); and reviewing and updating the Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategy (USD 205,890, 2026/28).
Luxembourg		The NBSAP dedicates a full chapter (2.9) to reducing pollution as a driver of biodiversity loss and commits Luxembourg to contributing to the EU Zero Pollution Action Plan for air, water, and soil. The strategy addresses nutrient discharges (nitrogen and phosphorus), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hazardous chemicals, wastewater, microplastics, light pollution, and noise pollution. On pesticides, Luxembourg commits to reducing the use of chemical pesticides and associated risks by at least 50% by 2030, and the use of higher-risk pesticides by 50% by 2030. Pesticide use is already prohibited in public spaces (since 1 January 2016), on or near protected biotopes and habitats, and in drinking water protection zones and ZPINs. The ban is maintained through express stipulations in lease contracts for State-owned land. Environmental risk assessment of pesticides is to be strengthened. On nutrients, Luxembourg commits to reducing fertiliser use by at least 30% at the national level. The strategy promotes "zero pollution" from nitrogen and phosphorus flows and runoff. Nitrates regulations were to be revised and adopted in 2023, with particular attention by 2026 to protected areas and sensitive grasslands where fertiliser use is to be eliminated. The freshwater chapter notes that groundwater and surface water remain predominantly impacted by nitrogenous nutrients of agricultural origin. The strategy commits to establishing riparian buffer strips along watercourses over at least 500 km and to managing 13,000 ha of agricultural land under biodiversity contracts without fertilisers or pesticides. On plastics and waste, the discharge of plastic waste including microplastics is to be reduced within the framework of the national strategy "Zero Waste Luxembourg" and the national waste management plan. Wastewater treatment plants are to be constructed or modernised with emphasis on additional treatment of micropollutants and removal of microplastics. The strategy also addresses light pollution through a national guide for "better" outdoor lighting, with regulatory measures to be introduced if necessary, and noise pollution through noise action plans and designation of quiet zones within protected areas.
Libya	By 2030, identify and implement plans and tools to protect air and water quality, with rapid response programs to disaster risks and natural phenomena.	The NBSAP documents pollution across multiple pathways and commits to concrete pollution reduction actions through its national Target 11. Descriptive sections detail water quality deterioration from untreated municipal wastewater, seawater intrusion advancing up to 2 kilometres inland in the Jifara plains (salinity increasing from 150 ppm to over 5,000 ppm between 1950 and 1990), soil salinization from irrigation with saline groundwater, agricultural drainage water carrying heavy metals, pesticide residues and chemical fertiliser nutrients, and marine pollution from ballast water and oil operations. The strategy notes that nearly all coastal wastewater treatment plants are non-operational. The action plan commits to: expanding real-time monitoring stations for air and water quality nationally; developing guidelines to reduce emissions from power and water plants with incentives for industry; developing a national plan to diversify water resources and monitor groundwater extraction; improving wastewater and greywater treatment with reuse in the forest sector; and preparing guidelines to reduce water demand in agriculture through improved food safety management, crop composition, and irrigation infrastructure.
Marshall Islands		Sub-target 1.7 addresses management or reduction of pollution, waste, chemicals, sewage, sediment, or radiation, delivered through EPA regulations and permits, MEAs, and Reimaanlok Step 6. Headline indicators 7.1 (Index of Coastal Eutrophication) and 7.2 (Environment Pesticides) are designated, with RMI EPA as data lead. The RMI EPA 2024–2027 Strategic Plan prioritizes pollution monitoring with specific focus on updating regulations, permits, and operating procedures. It includes establishing a cross-sector marine pollution task force and implementing a national oil spill response plan, improving household water management and water quality monitoring, and minimizing environmental and health risks by reducing hazardous and plastic waste. The NBSAP actions engage with multiple pollution-related conventions: Basel (hazardous waste), Rotterdam (hazardous chemicals—with up to 57 absent import decisions in 2024 to be addressed), Stockholm (POPs), Vienna/Montreal/Kigali (ozone), Minamata (mercury), and the Chemical Weapons Convention. GoRMI engages as part of PSIDS in negotiating a global treaty on plastic pollution (Action 14). The SLASP provides explicit biodiversity protection for aggregate extraction, requiring environmental assessments, restricting dredging in sensitive areas, and mandating turbidity curtains with real-time monitoring. The RMI EPA is to integrate sediment control standards into earthmoving permitting (Action 82) and to ban beach mining in all urban areas and in rural areas with localized shoreline erosion (Action 81d). The NNC Strategy addresses ongoing nuclear contamination affecting marine and terrestrial biodiversity. Infrastructure actions include upgrading sewer outfalls (Actions 83b, 88a), improving solid waste management in Ebeye (Action 87c), and upgrading water and wastewater infrastructure across Majuro and Ebeye.
Mauritania — National Biodiversity Strategy 2022–2030		The NBSAP dedicates Measure B.2 (Reduce pollution affecting ecosystems) to pollution reduction, with four specific actions. Action B.2.1 requires integrating environmental and biodiversity impact assessment into sectoral projects to evaluate pollution potential, targeting 50% of projects by 2030. Action B.2.2 commits to establishing wastewater treatment systems across all mining extraction zones, with 5 systems in 5 extraction centres by 2030. Action B.2.3 targets a 50% reduction in use of harmful fertilisers and chemical products in agricultural zones by 2030. Action B.2.4 calls for a maritime action plan to reduce sea discharges linked to naval, fishing, and port activities (waste, degassing, deballasting) by 2027. The sectoral analysis also identifies pollution across industry, transport, energy, agriculture, and mining as a cross-cutting biodiversity impact requiring cleaner technologies and improved waste management.
Malta	By 2030, pollution from all sources, inter alia, excess nutrients, pesticides, chemicals, plastics, noise, and light, is prevented, controlled or minimised to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity, in line with EU and international commitments.	National Target 8 commits that by 2030, pollution from all sources, inter alia excess nutrients, pesticides, chemicals, plastics, noise, and light, is prevented, controlled, or minimised to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity, in line with EU and international commitments. Action 8.3 requires the National Action Plan on Sustainable Use of Pesticides to be updated and successfully implemented to reduce the impacts of plant protection products on ecosystems, in line with EU commitments. Action 8.4 commits to adopting an updated Nitrates Action Programme by 2027 to address the reduction of pollution from excess nutrients and their negative impact on ecosystems. The Polluter Pays Principle is adopted as a guiding principle, holding polluters liable for environmental damage and promoting pollution prevention and control.
Malaysia		Malaysia's NPBD addresses pollution principally through Target 4 Action 4.4, "strengthen pollution monitoring and regulation to protect freshwater and marine ecosystems," which responds to increased industrial development generating pollution loads that cause environmental damage to freshwater and marine ecosystems. The policy calls to improve regulations and enhance enforcement to minimise pollution impacts on these two ecosystems. The challenges chapter records that Malaysia's industrialisation and agro-commodity sectors contribute to air pollution through fossil-fuel combustion and transboundary haze, and that the country produces more than 0.94 million tonnes of mismanaged plastic per year since 2018, with current waste-management systems relying on domestic burning and landfill disposal and landfill sites approaching capacity. Specific quantified targets or rates for pollution reduction (nutrient loss, pesticide risk, plastic-waste elimination) are not stated in the briefing. The Ministry in charge of agriculture and food security is the lead agency for Action 4.4, with MBC, DOE, DOF, PLANMalaysia, CSOs/NGOs, and the private sector as partners.
Nigeria	By 2020, at least 60% of identified pollution sources, including those from extractive industries and agricultural inputs, are brought under control and guidelines are put in place to mitigate their effects on ecosystems.	The NBSAP documents pollution as a major threat to biodiversity. Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, DDT) are identified as lethal to plants, animals, fishes, and humans. The UNEP (2011) assessment of Ogoniland is cited, reporting extensive contamination of land, sediments, and swampland by petroleum hydrocarbons, with oil spills denuding mangrove leaves and stems, damaging fish spawning and nursery areas, and causing fires that kill vegetation. National Target 8 states: "By 2020, at least 60% of identified pollution sources, including those from extractive industries and agricultural inputs, are brought under control and guidelines are put in place to mitigate their effects on ecosystems." Actions include promoting measures to reduce agricultural waste, fertilisers, and agrochemicals reaching rivers and wetlands (Action 8.1, PC&EH, 2015–2020); identifying the total pollutant sources and Nigeria's capacity for restoration measures (Action 8.2, PC&EH, 2015–2020); strengthening national water quality guidelines (Action 8.3, FMWR, 2015–2020); and engaging in gas and oil spill management of pipelines (Action 8.4, NOSDRA, 2015–2020). The monitoring matrix measures the percentage increase in rivers, wetlands, and coastal sites managed by pollution reduction. The financing mechanisms table lists reduction of harmful subsidies such as fertiliser subsidies as a financial instrument.
Netherlands		The NBSAP devotes an entire chapter to pollution reduction, structured around nutrients, chemical substances, and plastic pollution, and anchored in a web of overarching programmes including the National Environmental Programme, the Clean Air Agreement, the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, and the Circular Economy Implementation Programme. On nutrients and fertiliser, the strategy describes active policy under the European Nitrates Directive. Measures from the seventh Nitrates Directive action programme (7th AP) have been implemented, including mandatory buffer strips, designation of nutrient-contaminated areas where the nitrogen application standard is reduced by 20%, derogation-free zones around Natura 2000 areas, lowered manure production ceilings, and regulations encouraging catch crops. The eighth action programme (8th AP) is being prepared for entry into force from 2026, aiming at effective mandatory and incentivising measures for groundwater and surface water quality during 2026-2029. The Netherlands is also working on enabling the use of RENURE (animal manure converted into mineral concentrate) as a circular fertiliser. Landscape elements such as nature-friendly banks and buffer zones are identified as an important measure for filtering nutrients and reducing drift of plant protection products. For marine eutrophication, Dutch and European nutrient-reduction policy on land and in surface water is stated to make a significant contribution to achieving targets at sea, and the OSPAR North East Atlantic Environment Strategy 2030 includes combating eutrophication as a strategic objective. On nitrogen specifically, the Nitrogen Reduction and Nature Improvement Programme includes source measures across agriculture, mobility, construction, and industry, with government funding for acceleration and frontrunner projects disbursed in November 2022 and June and December 2024. The peak pollution approach includes the National Buyout Scheme for Livestock Locations Plus (Lbv-plus). The current government is developing a shift from deposition-based to emission-based nitrogen policy, combining area-specific measures, a broad buyout scheme, and farm-specific standards for nitrogen and climate emissions. On plant protection products, national policy is laid down in the Implementation Programme Vision for Crop Protection 2030 and the National Action Plan for Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products 2022-2025. The three strategic goals for 2030 are resilient plants and cultivation systems, connecting agriculture and nature, and virtually no emissions and residues on products. By 2027, the target is virtually no standard exceedances of plant protection products in surface water. The Monitoring Report IP 2023 noted a declining trend in active substances sold since 2020, with a clearly observable shift toward lower-risk "green" substances. For biocides, a Strategic Framework established in October 2023 sets out three policy lines: preventing unwanted organisms and reducing avoidable use of biocides, maintaining an adequate package of products and measures, and promoting a harmonised European market. Integrated pest management is an important component. On chemical substances, the Netherlands follows the European Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability and contributes actively to REACH implementation. The country co-submitted (with Denmark, Germany, Norway, and Sweden) a restriction proposal to the European Chemicals Agency to ban PFAS under REACH. A national PFAS action programme with VNO-NCW seeks to reduce PFAS use before the restriction enters into force, and a PFAS research programme totalling €6.5 million (2022-2025) examines exposure routes. The ZZS (Substances of Very High Concern) emissions policy requires companies to prevent or minimise ZZS emissions and submit an Avoidance and Reduction Programme to the competent authority every five years. The Chemical Substances Impulse Programme (2023-2026) tackles implementation bottlenecks, strengthens the permit process, and addresses cumulation and dispersion of substances. On soil contamination, administrative agreements between the national government and decentralised authorities aim to have existing historical soil contamination under control by 2030. The National Programme on Soil and Subsurface is developing indicators for measuring soil health, making soil biodiversity an integral part of soil quality. For marine litter and plastics, the strategy describes measures at local, national, regional, and global levels through six MSFD clusters (education and awareness, beaches, river basins, shipping, fisheries, plastic products). Specific measures include implementation of the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive, deposit-return schemes on small bottles and cans, the Plastic Bag Directive, the Port Reception Facilities Directive, and a river litter programme (€8 million through 2025). The Netherlands advocates a legally binding UN treaty on plastic pollution. On microplastics, €220 million from the National Growth Fund is allocated to the Circular Plastics NL project, and €1.7 million is funding research into degradability of plastics. The Ministry of IenW invests approximately €1 million and the Ministry of Health approximately €6 million through 2025 on health effects of microplastics. On air quality, the Clean Air Agreement between the national government, provinces, and more than 120 municipalities targets health gains through at least 50% reduced air pollution emissions by 2030 compared to 2016. RIVM assesses this target as just within reach, conditional on full implementation and achievement of climate and nitrogen targets. New, lower EU air quality standards will apply from 2030. The WFD measures for 2022-2027 comprise approximately 65 generic policy measures and 1,700 area-specific measures, to be implemented by end of 2027. The Netherlands has approximately 750 WFD water bodies with over 100,000 individual targets; currently over three-quarters of these are met, though under the one-out-all-out principle virtually no water body yet meets all requirements. The WFD Impulse Programme was launched in early 2023.
Norway		Pollution is addressed across air, water, soil, plastic and light. Internationally, Norway works through the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), the Stockholm Convention on POPs, the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and the Rotterdam Convention, and is working for a global legally binding instrument on plastic pollution scheduled for completion in 2024. Norway supports the creation of a new Global Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste and Pollution Prevention alongside IPCC and IPBES. Domestically, the Polluter Pays Principle is set out: developers must cover costs of preventing or limiting damage. The updated water management plans for 2022–2027 provide measures to prevent aquatic pollution. The Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment has established a plastic partnership with the private sector and will introduce design requirements for plastic bottles; new extended producer responsibility schemes are being developed, including for fishing and aquaculture gear containing plastic. A REACH restriction on intentionally added microplastics will be implemented nationally; national regulations already govern artificial turf rubber granules. Funding is provided to the Norwegian Environment Agency to combat marine littering. The Government commits to finalising revision of the fertiliser regulations, strengthening efforts on plant protection products, accelerating upgrades to Oslofjord wastewater treatment, increasing knowledge of light pollution impacts and reducing unwanted effects, and increasing knowledge of pollution from construction, civil engineering and developed/traffic areas. Agriculture-related nutrient runoff, soil and pesticide management are prioritised, including requirements and grants for winter ground cover in grain areas.
State of Palestine		The NBSAP records that the State of Palestine annually produces 7,103 tons of hazardous waste (6.4% of total waste), of which 1,420 tons are hazardous medical waste. It cites the National Strategy for Solid Waste Management (NSSWM 2017–2022), under which the percentage of solid waste dumped in a sanitary manner reached about 98% in 2019 and is expected to reach 100% in 2023, while the percentage of hazardous waste treated reached only 2% in 2019 and is expected to reach 10% by 2023. The NSSWM sets eight strategic objectives, including a modern legislative and organisational framework, effective and environmentally safe SW services, financial sustainability, appropriate treatment of medical/hazardous/special waste, and effective information and monitoring systems. An updated National Action Plan (NAP) for the prevention of pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from land-based sources has been formulated, drafted in four stages (legal basis, midterm baseline assessment, gap identification in enforcement, and operational targets). The agrobiodiversity section commits to reducing pesticides, herbicides and antibiotics, supporting organic fertilisers including compost, vermicompost and biochar, and reducing chemical fertilisers' harmful effects. Section 5.4 commits to mainstreaming programmes (by EQA, Ministry of Health, NGOs and others) to reduce both liquid and solid waste, expand sewage treatment facilities (e.g. for Wadi Nar), and scale up recycling, upcycling and composting. No quantified target on halving nutrient losses or reducing pesticide risk by 50% is stated.
Rwanda	By 2030, reduce major pollutants from agriculture (including SLCP), industry and mining to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services through more efficient use and nutrient cycling, reducing the overall risks from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals.	The NBSAP sets National Target 7 to reduce major pollutants from agriculture (including short-lived climate pollutants), industry, and mining to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions by 2030, through more efficient use and nutrient cycling, reducing risks from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals. Headline indicators track concentration of pollutants in the environment, with component indicators on the proportion of fertilisers used efficiently, domestic/industrial wastewater safely treated, floating plastic debris density, and annual pesticide use. Complementary indicators cover nitrogen loss, solid waste management, hazardous waste generation, and organic fertiliser use per area of cropland. The baseline notes that agriculture is a contributor to short-lived climate pollutants (methane, black carbon, HFCs) but no specific metrics are available for Rwanda. In 2023, 103,722 metric tons of inorganic fertiliser (NPK) were used (Africa Fertiliser NEPAD report, 2023), with significant leaching and pollution rates. No comprehensive report exists on mining pollution, though sediment fingerprinting in some catchments (e.g., Secoko) shows high pollutant levels from small-scale mining (IUCN, 2022). Wetlands like Nyabarongo and Akagera are polluted by fertilisers, pesticides, and untreated wastewater, causing eutrophication and declining fish populations. Strategic actions include promoting organic fertilisers, developing mine drainage and contaminant leaching plans, establishing data-gathering mechanisms for major pollutants, reducing chemical runoff in agricultural lands, conducting research on nitrogen use efficiency on priority crops, promoting integrated pest management (IPM), empowering communities in chemical and hazardous waste management, promoting re-use and recycling of inorganic waste, developing regulations for fertiliser and pesticide use in wetlands, and assessing pesticide usage and residues. The agriculture sector plan assigns seven related activities to MINAGRI, RAB, and RICA (2025–2030). GEF projects have addressed persistent organic pollutants and waste management. The costing allocates USD 1.3 million.
Saudi Arabia	Reducing pollution risks arising from all sources and their negative impacts including cumulative impacts on ecosystems and their services for biodiversity by 2030.	National Target 6 aims to reduce pollution risks arising from all sources and their negative impacts, including cumulative effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services, by 2030. The target includes five indicators: concentration of pesticides in the environment, rate of hazardous industrial waste treated, rate of hazardous medical waste treated, percentage of environmental compliance for water discharge, and percentage of monitoring and surveillance coverage of the Kingdom's coasts. The national action plan specifies: conducting a comprehensive national survey of pollution sources and their impacts on ecosystems and key biodiversity areas, covering industrial, solid and liquid waste, agricultural, municipal, and urban pollution (2026–2027); strengthening environmental inspection and monitoring with modern technologies and enhanced law enforcement (2026–2030); supporting the transition towards sustainable consumption and production patterns and cleaner production techniques (2026–2030); and developing national plans for integrated and sustainable waste management including recycling, energy-from-waste, wastewater treatment, and reuse (2026–2030). The Kingdom has also established programmes for managing and monitoring soil quality through national centres under the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, including soil pollutant surveys, databases, waste landfill design review, and waste treatment facility supervision.
Sudan	By 2030, pollution, including from excess nutrients, pesticides and plastic, has been brought to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, by reducing to half excess nutrients lost to environment, and risks from pesticides and other chemicals, through more efficient nutrient cycling and use, and integrated pest management, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.	National Target 7 commits Sudan to bringing pollution from excess nutrients, pesticides and plastic to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions by 2030, through more efficient nutrient cycling and use, integrated pest management, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution. Pollution aspects receive the second-largest budget allocation in the NBSAP: US$114,420,000 under Goal A (6 actions for Target 7 at US$113,900,000 and 2 actions for Target 12 at US$520,000), plus US$5,770,000 under Goal D. The NBSAP notes that most of the pollution budget will go to acquiring necessary equipment such as incinerators for hazardous chemicals. Additional Target 7 budget allocations under Goal A include US$90,000 for cultivated plants (3 actions), US$1,300,000 for wildlife (3 actions), US$1,400,000 for marine (5 actions), US$700,000 for inland waters (3 actions), US$600,000 for insects (2 actions), and US$150,000 for biosafety. The gender mainstreaming matrix identifies specific actions for awareness on pesticide risks, agrochemical impacts, and pollution in inland waters and urban environments. The monitoring framework tracks coastal eutrophication potential, pesticide environmental concentration, plastic debris density, and an environmental quality index covering air, water, land, built, and sociodemographic environment.
Sweden		The NBSAP addresses target 7 primarily through the Marine Environment Government Bill (Govt Bill 2023/24:156) and related measures on eutrophication, pesticides, chemicals and plastics. In 2024 the Government decided on an interim target on eutrophication providing for reduced eutrophication through resource-efficient use of manure and sector-level monitoring of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. SWAM has received permanently increased funding for water management, and regional action programmes are being developed for coastal and river basin areas, with stakeholder-driven "source to sea" work strengthened. Appropriations letter 2026 further develops stakeholder-driven and ecosystem-based coastal and marine environmental management. On shipping emissions, emission of open-scrubber wash-water in Swedish territorial waters was prohibited from 1 July 2025 and emission from other scrubbers to water in Swedish territory shall be prohibited from 1 January 2029. Sweden works in the Baltic Sea and Northeast Atlantic for neighbouring countries to reduce or prohibit such emissions; Ospar has adopted measures on scrubber water. Sweden participates in UN negotiations for a global agreement against plastic pollution. EU-level pollution instruments cited include the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), the Priority Substances Directive, the Plant Protection Products Regulation (1107/2009), the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive (2009/128/EC), the Waste Directive (2008/98/EC) — under which each member state must reduce food waste by 10 per cent in food processing/manufacturing and 30 per cent per capita in retail/household sectors — the EU Organic Production Regulation (2018/848), and the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability. A national action plan on sustainable use of pesticides is updated every five years. The Government has instructed relevant authorities to propose how the EU food-waste requirements should be implemented (KN2025/02264), with rules to enter into force 17 June 2027. Wetland re-wetting is also framed as contributing to target 7 via reduced nutrient runoff. Ecological compensation is being further developed, with county administrative boards that are water authorities assigned to investigate the need for and potential of compensation measures against eutrophication.
Slovenia		The NEAP 2020–2030 addresses pollution reduction across air, soil, light, and contaminated site domains with quantified targets. For air pollutants, Slovenia commits to emission reduction targets by 2030 relative to 2005: NOx –65%, NMVOC –53%, SO2 –92%, NH3 –15%, and PM2.5 –60%, in accordance with the Gothenburg Protocol and the NEC Directive (Table 3). Projections show the 2030 targets are achievable for NOx, SO2 and NH3 with current measures, but additional measures will be needed for PM2.5 and NMVOC, which are projected to fall 11 and 8 percentage points short, respectively. For soil, the programme commits to soil pollution prevention, rehabilitation and revitalisation of polluted areas, and efforts to ensure environmentally sustainable use of plant protection products, fertilisers and agricultural techniques (Table 2). A national monitoring network for soil contamination is to be established by 2021 (MOP-ARSO), along with monitoring of soil organic matter and nutrients. For light pollution, Measure Table 11 calls for amending the light pollution regulation to introduce a multi-stage system of measures including switching off road lighting (accounting for traffic safety) and advertising facility lighting, using photometric quantities instead of average electric power (MOP, by 2023). For contaminated sites, the programme commits to rehabilitating areas polluted in the past, including named sites (Celje Basin, Mežica Valley) and developing innovative rehabilitation methods.
Senegal	Reduce pollution-related risks and impacts on biodiversity	The NBSAP defines national target (7) as reducing pollution-related risks and impacts on biodiversity. The results framework specifies six priority actions: monitoring of Installations Classified for Environmental Protection (ICPE), with the ICPE inspection rate as indicator; wastewater monitoring (inspection rate); revision and enforcement of plastics legislation (number of product types present on the market); development of the circular economy through recycling (recycling rate for plastic products); integrated management of agricultural chemicals and pesticides (level of functioning of the Inter-ministerial Committee, measured by meetings per year); and nature-based solutions against coastal erosion. The legal framework includes Law No. 2020-04 on the prevention and reduction of the impact of plastic products, and Law No. 2023-15 establishing the new Environment Code. The resource mobilisation strategy strengthens the "polluter pays" principle through revaluation of pollution taxes on classified installations, which has recovered 3.4 billion FCFA in pollution prevention. A carbon tax project is under development to offset impacts from companies with large ecological footprints, particularly in oil and gas. The diagnosis identifies specific pollution concerns: chemical pollution from agricultural pesticides (notably in the Niayes), mercury and cyanide from gold panning along the Falémé, plastic and wastewater pollution in Dakar, and fertiliser/pesticide runoff in the South.
Suriname	2.2 Suriname has reduced the risks of pollution of ecosystem from various sectors through established national environmental quality standards, integrated waste management- and monitoring systems in line with national legislation	National Target 2.2 commits Suriname to reducing pollution risks across sectors through national environmental quality standards and integrated waste-management and monitoring systems aligned with national legislation. The narrative identifies mercury from gold mining, pesticides and fertilizers from agriculture, solid waste (including e-waste), persistent organic pollutants and plastic pollution as priority pressures, and notes that point and non-point sources are largely unmonitored and untreated. The Environmental Framework Act is cited as the legal foundation. Actions include streamlining waste and pollution responsibilities through an inter-ministerial taskforce, quantifying the state of polluted ecosystems and identifying point/non-point sources, developing an integrated waste management plan, regulating plastic waste and its impact on marine and aquatic ecosystems, revising the import list of hazardous objects and substances and developing safety standards, increasing enforcement capacity, and preparing an emergency response plan for oil spills and hazardous contamination. Total Target 2.2 cost is $3,274,530.
Chad	NT8: By 2030, pollution caused notably by excess nutrients will have been reduced to levels that are not unfavourable to ecosystem function and biological diversity.	The NBSAP establishes National Objective 8 (NT8): by 2030, pollution caused notably by excess nutrients will have been reduced to levels that are not unfavourable to ecosystem function and biological diversity. The 2011–2020 reference describes massive use of pesticides and fertilisers by farmers circumventing ANADER (national agricultural extension agency) and the directorate responsible for pollution and nuisances under the Ministry of Environment, Fisheries and Sustainable Development. The 2030 target is a programme for the management and rational use of pesticides and fertilisers by the population. Measures include implementing the guidelines and decisions of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm conventions to protect species from chemicals and hazardous waste, and supporting a new global treaty on plastic pollution to minimise effects on species. Headline indicators include plastic waste density, eutrophication potential index, and pesticide use per area of cultivated land. Component indicators include fertiliser use, proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater discharges, and floating plastic debris density. The institutional framework cited includes the Directorate in charge of Environmental Assessments and the Fight Against Pollution and Nuisances; the Directorate for Plant Protection and Packaging (phytosanitary control); plant protection law; pesticides law; the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Basel, Bamako and Rotterdam conventions; and Decree 904 on the regulation of pollution and nuisances to the environment.
Togo	Target 6 : Reduce the risks linked to pollution and the negative impacts of pollution from all sources, notably pesticides, hazardous chemicals, plastics, and organic effluent discharges	The NBSAP designates National Target 6 under Strategic Objective 1, mapped to GBF Target 7, committing to reduce the risks linked to pollution and the negative impacts of pollution from all sources, notably pesticides, hazardous chemicals, plastics, and organic effluent discharges. The legal framework includes Togo's ratification of MARPOL (2 May 1985) and the London Convention on marine pollution by dumping (13 November 2014). The Air Quality Monitoring Project in Togo (PQAT) is listed among State-funded investment projects contributing to the NBSAP. The briefing sections with detailed pollution content (action plan matrix entries) were excluded by the briefing's budget threshold, so the specific actions and timelines beyond the national target statement are not available in the included sections.
Thailand	Target 4: Reduce threats to biodiversity arising from climate change and pollution, including increasing urban green spaces, to restore and maintain ecosystem services.	National Target 4 under Strategy 1 commits Thailand to reduce threats to biodiversity from climate change and pollution, including increasing urban green spaces, to restore and maintain ecosystem services. The importance-of-target section identifies pollution as one of the main direct drivers of biodiversity loss and singles out nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), pesticides, hazardous chemicals, and plastics as forms with especially harmful impacts. The recommended actions for pollution (§96) set out eight sub-measures: (2.1) reduce pollution risks and negative impacts by prioritising risk over absolute pollutant quantity; (2.2) reduce pollution from all sources; (2.3) control risks and negative impacts to levels not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem services without requiring elimination of all pollutants; (2.4) reduce excess nutrients released into the environment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural sources; (2.5) reduce risks from pesticides and hazardous chemicals; (2.6) apply integrated pest management as an ecosystem approach combining management strategies to minimise pesticide use; (2.7) prevent issues and ensure sustainable food security, with attention to smallholder farmers and local communities; and (2.8) prevent, reduce, and work towards eliminating plastic pollution, including microplastics in food chains. A separate approach statement (§22) commits to fostering cooperation with industrial and service entrepreneurs on waste minimisation, substitute substances/plants, systematic chemical reduction, and capacity for managing marine accidents and oil spills.
Tunisia	By 2030, plastic pollutants, pesticides and nutrient loss are reduced by 30%	The NBSAP dedicates Objective A7 to reducing pollution from all sources, linked explicitly to KM-GBF Target 7. The national target states: "By 2030, plastic pollutants, pesticides and nutrient loss are reduced by 30%." For plastic pollution, the strategy notes the plastics industry in Tunisia includes at least 283 companies, generating 0.25 million tonnes of plastic waste with only 4% recycled. Economic impact of plastic pollution is estimated at 20-24 million USD (58 million Tunisian dinars) per year. A 2020 decree prohibits single-use plastic bags. Measure A7.1 proposes strengthening substitution projects (A7.1.1), promoting recycling with initial targeting of coastal municipalities such as Sfax, Bizerte, Hammamet, Gabes, and Sousse (A7.1.2), and encouraging a circular plastics economy strategy (A7.1.3). According to World Bank data, a circular economy in Tunisia could create nearly 100,000 jobs and generate 0.8% GDP growth. For pesticides, more than 215 approved active substances distributed under 493 formulations are marketed, with average consumption of 0.714 kg/ha across 4.9 million ha of agricultural land. Pesticide use is regulated by Law 92-72 of 3 August 1992. Measure A7.2 proposes promoting integrated pest management (A7.2.1), organic farming (A7.2.2), agroecology (A7.2.3), strengthening pesticide monitoring (A7.2.4), and activating POPs action plans (A7.2.5). Measure A7.3 calls for aligning pesticide regulations with international standards, including developing regulatory texts on chemical product classification, labelling, and packaging, and establishing a comprehensive national legal framework on pesticides. The gaps analysis identifies legal vacuums in air pollution (implementing texts for Law 2007-34 on air quality), waste management (recycling regulations, chemical safety), and soil/coastal pollution.
Vanuatu	By 2030, national measures are identified, implemented, and monitored across all provinces to reduce pollution from all sources to levels not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions. This includes at least a 50% reduction in local plastic pollution and environmental inputs, as well as the reduction and phase-down of pesticides and other highly hazardous chemicals in the productive and agrifood sectors.	The NBSAP commits to identifying, implementing, and monitoring measures across all provinces to reduce pollution to levels not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions, including at least a 50% reduction in local plastic pollution and environmental inputs, and reduction and phase-down of pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals in productive and agrifood sectors. Provincial plans focus primarily on waste management infrastructure: Torba will establish the provincial dumpsite and an additional dumpsite in each area council; Sanma will establish dumpsites in all 11 area councils; Penama will establish a provincial dumpsite and ensure non-operational machinery is removed and shipped back to Port Vila or Santo; Shefa will develop management strategies for coastal mining; and Tafea commits to similar waste management activities. Target 7 is allocated 15 actions costing VUV 96,000,000.
Yemen	By 2030, significantly reduce pollution levels and the negative impacts of pollution from all sources to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects and the ecosystems' capacity to absorb biodegradable pollutants. Achieve a 20% reduction in the use of agricultural chemicals and pesticides, and achieve 70% in recycling, reuse, and reduction of plastic waste by 2050.	The NBSAP establishes National Target 7, aligned to GBF Target 7, committing to significantly reduce pollution levels and the negative impacts of pollution from all sources to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services by 2030, achieve a 20% reduction in the use of agricultural chemicals and pesticides, and achieve 70% in recycling, reuse, and reduction of plastic waste by 2050. The strategy identifies ecosystem pollution as a major driver of biodiversity loss, documenting contamination of water ecosystems (shallow aquifers, wadies, natural springs, traditional dam reserves) primarily from industrial and residential waste, wastewater effluents, and inappropriate agricultural practices. Overuse of agrochemicals, pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, and fruit ripening agents is described as having irreversible impacts on species populations. Coastal and marine habitats are contaminated from land-based sources, with eutrophication altering ecosystem structure and function. Air pollution from energy production, mining, oil and gas, and transportation is identified as a further threat. The agricultural sector is highlighted as accounting for over 90% of water abstraction (against a global average of 70%), with qat production alone accounting for over 30% of total water abstraction and requiring substantial pesticides and fertilizers, contributing to insect loss and pollination disruption. Pathway 2, Output 2.5 is dedicated to improved waste management and reduced pollution levels, noting weak financial and technical capabilities for waste collection, treatment, and disposal, and weak recycling initiatives. Output 5.2 addresses market distortions from unsustainable fertilizer use and over-abstraction of water resources. The capacity building section references training on integrated pest management to reduce pesticide use. The indicative budget for improved waste management and reduced pollution is US$19.4 million.
Zambia	By 2020, pollution, including excess nutrients from industry (mining, agriculture, etc.), has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.	National Target 8 commits to bringing pollution from industry (mining, agriculture, etc.) to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity by 2020. The situation analysis documents pollution impacts: high concentrations of heavy metals in fish in the Upper Kafue River near Chililabombwe district from mining effluent; negative effects on diversity of butterflies, dragonflies, and benthonic invertebrates from elevated redox levels, electrical conductivity, and turbidity in the Kafue river system. Non-targeted spraying of persistent organo-insecticides for Trypanosomiasis control has negatively impacted invertebrates. The strategy calls for strict enforcement of the Environmental Management Act (2011) and for revising EIA regulations to provide for strict enforcement. Mining companies are to be obligated to contribute to the Environmental Protection Fund (EPF). Pollution from mining, industrial, and agricultural activities in the Kafue river system is identified as requiring strict control measures. The M&E framework monitors reduction in effluent loads from industry, benchmarked to baselines obtained from ZEMA.
Afghanistan	Afghanistan will not address Target 7.	The NBSAP explicitly states that Afghanistan will not address Target 7. However, the document includes a section on pollution describing air and water pollution as major human health concerns, noting heavy metals in fish, high pesticide levels in the Kabul River, and the impact of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (particularly diclofenac) on vulture populations, with a greater than 90% decline in three vulture species in South Asia since the 1990s. The diclofenac issue is addressed under Target 4 (Action 4.3 — ban on veterinary diclofenac). Consultation workshops found that 10 of 342 respondents proposed pollution-related solutions, including use of electricity and gas to limit air pollution, fuel-efficient heaters, and limiting use of fossil fuels. The Annex 1 headline indicators for Target 7 (coastal eutrophication potential, pesticide environmental concentration) are marked as not applicable or undeveloped.
Austria		The briefing sections do not contain the quantified pollution-reduction commitments of KMGBF Target 7 (halving nutrient losses, halving pesticide risk, eliminating plastic pollution) in a consolidated form, but several elements of pollution reduction are addressed. Light pollution is covered in a dedicated subsection (1.2.2) documenting effects on species and ecosystems, noting that flowers under artificial illumination are visited 62% less than at dark locations, with awareness-raising on light pollution foreseen as part of energy-saving measures. Plant-protection-product exposure is addressed through: avoidance of plant protection products on transport-accompanying areas and in ecological garden management under sustainable public procurement (naBe); awareness-raising for (small) garden owners on impacts of plant protection products and fertilisers, and communication on biodiversity-promoting gardening including peat-free soil, permaculture and beneficial-organism promotion; integrated monitoring for the ecological impacts of chemical plant protection in the agricultural landscape; and research on ecological impacts of synthetic plant protection products and alternatives including biological practices. Road-salt inputs are addressed by minimised use of salt spreading on roads, cycle paths and footpaths. The strategy recognises that water pollution — including wastewater inputs with hormonally active substances — affects fish fauna, and that the intake of medicines can lead to release of active substances into the environment damaging ecosystems and species. A research measure foresees development and implementation of a method for the systematic recording of sites with contaminated soils whose contamination is attributable to large-scale diffuse inputs.
Burkina Faso		The logical framework includes indicators for plastic pollution and waste management in urban areas: the average number of plastic bag packaging used per household in the three largest cities of Burkina Faso is targeted to decline from 5 (2022) to 0 by 2030, the quantity of solid waste collected in urban communes from 434,223 tonnes (2020) to 3,267,184 tonnes, and the quantity of plastic waste recycled from 5,462 tonnes (2021) to 55,462 tonnes. The ESMP (Environmental and Social Management Plan) implementation monitoring rate is targeted to increase from 44.12% (2023) to 50%, and the number of facilities inspected from 50 to 80 by 2030. The action plan includes awareness-raising for 1,050 producers on the use of biopesticides and biofertilisers. No specific targets for halving nutrient losses or reducing pesticide risks by 50% are stated.
Benin	Reduce the various forms of pollution (air, soil, water and ecosystems) in order to limit their negative impact on biodiversity.	Pollution is identified as a direct cause of biodiversity loss. The NBSAP cites the increasing use of chemical pesticides in agriculture, industrial organic pollution, and plastics particularly affecting wetland and coastal areas, as well as the anarchic and excessive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides driving habitat destruction (§40). Organic and chemical pollution are listed among underlying causes (§41). National objective 3 aims to reduce the various forms of pollution (air, soil, water and ecosystems) to limit their negative impact on biodiversity. Headline indicators include the coastal eutrophication potential index and environmental concentration of pesticides and/or aggregated total applied toxicity. Component indicators cover fertiliser use, proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater safely treated, density of floating plastic debris (micro and macro), and the Red List Index for pollution impact. Complementary indicators address nitrogen deposition, municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, underwater noise, and pesticide quantities (§127). The crisis communication strategy specifies that for pollution events, communication must link environment and health, and produce comprehensible messages on risks and behaviours (§122). However, the NBSAP does not contain a dedicated pollution reduction programme or specific reduction targets (such as halving nutrient losses or pesticide risks). Pollution appears primarily in the diagnostic and monitoring sections rather than in the programmatic action plan.
Czechia		The Strategy identifies plant protection products (PPPs/pesticides), light pollution, and micropollutants in water as pressures and threats to biodiversity, but does not set quantified reduction targets for any pollutant category. PPPs are noted to have toxic effects on non-target organisms including pollinators, birds, mammals, amphibians, fish, and soil organisms, disrupting food webs and accumulating through the food chain. The EU Biodiversity Strategy's commitment to reducing use of plant protection products, particularly pesticides, is referenced in the background section. Assessment options include monitoring pesticide content in non-target species and in the environment outside water. Light pollution is identified as a growing problem negatively affecting the behaviour and life cycles of insects, birds, and bats. Action Measure 10.3.9 maintains subsidy support for modification and modernisation of artificial lighting systems in municipalities. Micropollutants, especially pharmaceutical residues acting as endocrine disruptors, are identified as a threat to aquatic organisms. The Strategy commits to achieving good groundwater status and reducing pollution, and to protecting surface and groundwater quality in accordance with the Water Framework Directive.
Madagascar		Target 7 (Pollution and waste) is allocated USD 8,748,338 (1.28% of Programme 1). The data sub-section describes collection and analysis of data on plastics, pesticides and hazardous chemicals, operationalisation of platforms such as PlastiNetwork, and implementation of the strategy and action plan for the progressive elimination of highly hazardous pesticides, as well as an ecological rehabilitation plan. Measurable indicators include the number of operational stations, volume of waste recovered and coverage of agricultural and industrial zones that respect biodiversity. The financing sub-section calls for pollution-reduction programmes, awareness campaigns and multi-sectoral partnerships, with funds dedicated to decontamination, integration of actions into sectoral budgets, green budgeting, and public-private partnerships and South-South cooperation for access to innovative funding.
Mexico — Estrategia Nacional de Biodiversidad de México (ENBioMex)		The alignment analysis identifies Axis 4 (Addressing pressure factors) as having the greatest number of direct actions for this target (9), followed by Axis 2 (5) and Axis 1 (3). However, 29% of ENBioMex actions are enabling while 60% have no apparent contribution. ENBioMex line of action 4.5 (Prevention, control, and reduction of pollution) contains seven specific action lines: pollutant reduction (4.5.1), industrial pollution (4.5.2), pollutant monitoring (4.5.3), wastewater treatment (4.5.4), strategies for pollution reduction (4.5.5), harmonisation of the regulatory framework (4.5.6), and urban and rural waste management (4.5.7). Urban waste management (4.7.4) under the orderly land use line also contributes directly.
Namibia		Pollution is identified among the key pressures addressed under Strategic Goal 1 (Thematic Pillar 1.3). Specific references occur within the terrestrial and aquatic restoration programmes: Programme 4 (Activity 2) includes creating awareness on practices and drivers contributing to degradation, including pollution, and introducing the polluter-pays principle; Programme 5 addresses pollution in freshwater, coastal and marine contexts, explicitly naming plastic pollution and marine debris as threats to be removed to support ecosystem recovery. The briefing does not contain a dedicated National Target or Programme on pollution reduction within the sections included, and no quantitative commitments on nutrient losses, pesticide risk reduction, or plastic elimination are visible.
Panama		The Nature Pledge commits to reducing plastic pollution by 50% by 2035 and to building a circular economy that "eradicates plastic pollution and transforms waste into innovation and opportunities." Panama also commits to leading the Silent Ocean Coalition to reduce underwater acoustic pollution and its impacts on migratory marine species. However, the NBSAP does not address nutrient losses, pesticide risk reduction, or broader chemical pollution beyond plastics and noise.
Paraguay		The NBSAP describes pollution as acting on biodiversity in a systemic manner through chemical contaminants, heavy metals, pesticides, fertilisers, plastics and industrial or domestic effluents that cause toxicity, alter reproductive processes and accumulate toxins in the food chain. In the Metropolitan Area of Asunción, the lack of sanitation and waste management exacerbates contamination of rivers and wetlands, affecting aquatic birds and fish, and in aquatic systems excess nutrients generate eutrophication and hypoxia. Paraguayan youth consultations identified inadequate waste management, discharge of untreated effluents, open-air burning and deficiencies in collection and final disposal systems as priority threats. The briefing contains no quantitative reduction targets, dedicated national pollution target or specific actions with timelines for halving nutrient losses or pesticide risks.
El Salvador — NBSAP Country Page		Pollution is identified as a threat to biodiversity, particularly from agrochemicals, discharges and plastics. The Sixth National Report for the CBD (2019) noted that pollution of some rivers and lakes exceeded permissible limits, threatening water supply and aquatic fauna. Challenges include the reduction of pollution from agrochemical use, discharges and plastics. The indicator correlation matrix associates KMGBF Target 7 with National Target 4 (threat reduction), tracking the number of legal, technical and/or administrative measures updated and harmonised for reducing risks and threats to biodiversity, and improvement in the treatment and discharge of residential and industrial wastewater. However, the NBSAP does not set specific quantified targets for nutrient loss reduction, pesticide risk reduction or plastic pollution elimination as defined by KMGBF Target 7.
Uganda		Strategic Objective 1 is mapped to KMGBF Target 7 in Table 22. The NBSAP provides substantial background on pollution pressures but does not set specific pollution-reduction targets aligned with Target 7's quantified goals (halving nutrient losses, reducing pesticide risk by 50%, eliminating plastic pollution). The pollution section describes multiple sources: industrial effluents discharged into water systems, agricultural runoff with fertilizers and pesticides (associated with cotton production, tea, tobacco), municipal waste, e-waste, and plastics. High nutrient content from fertilizers causes eutrophication in Lakes Victoria and George. Uganda's urban PM2.5 in Kampala ranges at least 39 µg/m³ against the WHO threshold of 25 µg/m³, with PM2.5 causing 27,600 premature deaths in 2019. Between 2022 and 2023, PM2.5 levels in Kampala's central area decreased from 38.66 to 35.77 µg/m³. The National Environment Act (2019) replaced the previous environment management policy and highlights the need to address pollution from air, water, and land. However, the NBSAP does not articulate specific strategies or targets for nutrient loss reduction, pesticide risk reduction, or plastic pollution elimination.
Viet Nam